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شعار بوابة  ????? ??? ?????
?????? ???? ?? 31 ????? 2012.

???????? ?????? [1] [2] [3] ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? [1] [4] ?? ????? ????? [2] ?? ????? ?????? [5] ?? ?????? [6] ?????? ?? ?????? [7] ??????? ( ??????????? : Solar flare )? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? . ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? (≪?????? ??????≫). [8]

???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? 10 20 ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? 10 25 ???. [9]

????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ( ?????? ??????? ) ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. [10] ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? . ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????.

?? 23 ????? 2012? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? (?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ). [11] [12] ?? ??? 2014? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? 12%. [11]

??? ?????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ). ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? . ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (???? ????? ??? ????? ???????) ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? (?? ?? ??)? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????.

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????.

????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1859 [13] ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.

????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ≪????≫ ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ≪?????≫? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 11 ?????. ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? . ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????. [14] ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? - ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????. [15] ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????.

??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? (10 9 ??????? ????) ?????. ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????. [ ????? ????? ]

????? ?????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? (W/m 2 )? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 100 ?800 ??????? (1 ?8 ???????? ) ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (?? ??? ?? ??).

????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 1 ?9? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? 2 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 1? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 3 ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? 1? ????? ????? 50% ??? ?? ??? 2 [16] ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? 5. [17]

????? ??? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???: ???? (??) ?? ???? (??) ?? ???? (??). ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????. (??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? A H = 15.5*10 12 ??????? ????.)

????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????: ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????. [18]

????? ?????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? (?? ?? ??) ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????.

???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? [19] ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? 20 ????? 2005 ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? [20] ?? ??? ???? ?????? 15 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ? ? ???? ???? ?? (2017). ??????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ??????? . ?. 174. ISBN : 978-2-7451-3066-2 . OCLC : 1229995179 . QID : Q124425203 .
  2. ^ ? ? ???? ???? ?????? (2018). ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????: ??????? - ???? ???? ??????? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 746. ISBN : 978-9953-33-197-3 . OCLC : 1043304467 . OL : 19871709M . QID : Q12244028 .
  3. ^ ???? ?????? ??? ???? (1998). ???? ???? ?????? (??????). ???????? ??????? ??????? (?. 1). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 284. ISBN : 978-9953-33-776-0 . OCLC : 745323823 . QID : Q118142307 .
  4. ^ ???? ????? (2011). ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ???????????). ???????: ???? ?????? ????? ????????. ?. 74. ISBN : 978-9957-12-378-9 . OCLC : 782056884 . QID : Q124000206 .
  5. ^ ?????? ???? ???? (2006). ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????: ????? - ???? (???????? ?????????) (?. 3). ?????: ????? ????? ?????? . ?. 275. ISBN : 978-9953-10-364-8 . OCLC : 929500981 . QID : Q123110925 .
  6. ^ ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? (1990). ???????? ??????? . ?????: ??? ????? ????. ??????: ???? ???? ????? ?????? . ???????: ??? ????? ???????? ??????? . ?. 89. ISBN : 978-977-01-2341-6 . OCLC : 929655791 . QID : Q123996630 .
  7. ^ ???? ???? ????? ?????? (1968)? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ???????????)? ???????: ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ?. 239? OCLC : 18795017 ? QID : Q123644307
  8. ^ Kopp? G.? Lawrence? G.? Rottman? G. (2005). "The Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM): Science Results". Solar Physics . ?. 20 ?. 1?2: 129?139. Bibcode : 2005SoPh..230..129K . DOI : 10.1007/s11207-005-7433-9 .
  9. ^ "What is a Solar Flare?" . ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-12 .
  10. ^ Menzel, Whipple, and de Vaucouleurs, "Survey of the Universe", 1970
  11. ^ ? ? Phillips? Dr. Tony (23 ????? 2014). "Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012" . NASA . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-06-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-26 .
  12. ^ Staff (28 ????? 2014). "Video (04:03) ? Carrington-class coronal mass ejection narrowly misses Earth" . NASA . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-26 .
  13. ^ " Description of a Singular Appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859 ", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , v20, pp13+, 1859 ???? ?????? 11 ????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  14. ^ Zhu et al., ApJ, 2016, 821, L29
  15. ^ " The Mysterious Origins of Solar Flares ", Scientific American , April 2006 ???? ?????? 29 ?????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  16. ^ Garner? Rob (6 ?????? 2017). "Sun Erupts With Significant Flare" . NASA . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-06-02 .
  17. ^ Schrijver? Carolus J.? Siscoe? George L. ? ???????? (2010)? Heliophysics: Space Storms and Radiation: Causes and Effects ? Cambridge University Press? ?. 375? ISBN : 978-1107049048 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-06-11
  18. ^ Tandberg-Hanssen? Einar ? Emslie, A. Gordon (1988). Cambridge University Press (??????). "The physics of solar flares".
  19. ^ "New Study Questions the Effects of Cosmic Proton Radiation on Human Cells" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-10-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-11 .
  20. ^ "A New Kind of Solar Storm ? NASA Science" . nasa.gov . ????? ?? ????? ?? 23 ???? 2010 . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2020 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
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