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?????? ?? ??????? ( ?????????? : Ebrei italiani )?? ( ???????? : ?????? ???????‏)? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???: ???????? ??????????? .

???????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????:

???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? .
???? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? 1492 ????????? ??? 1497 ? ?????? ?????? ??? 1533 . ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? . ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????.
???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? .
?????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????????? . ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? .

??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????: ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ≪???? ??????≫ ? ≪???? ??????≫? ??????? ≪???? ??????≫ ????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????.

????? ???? ???? ????:

???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? .
?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? .
?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? . ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? 70 ? . ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? . ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1533 ? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????.

???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? (1475-1550) ???????? ????? ????? ?????? (1707-1746) ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????.

??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? 50,000 ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1870 . ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (??? ???? 1904 ? 1914) ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? . ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? 7000 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? .

?????? ????????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? (???? ≪????????≫ ????????? ≪??????≫? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ≪????????≫? ???? ????≪????≫ ????? ?? ??????? ?????????). ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? . ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? (?????? ?????????? ????????).

?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? . ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ≪???????≫ ?? ≪???????≫.

?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? (??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????) ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ^[2] ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? (????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????)

??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Kjeilen? Tore. "Israel / Peoples - LookLex Encyclopaedia" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-04.
^ In the old manuscripts of the Italian rite, in Daniel Goldschmidt's print and in references in early literature such as Shibbole ha-Leket . Today's minhag bene Romi follows the Sephardic rite in using keter for musaf only and nakdishach for all other services.

????? ???? [ ??? ]

Sacerdoti, Annie, A Guide to Jewish Italy (2004) ( ???? 0-8478-2653-8 ), ( ???? 978-0-8478-2653-7 )
Bonfil, Robert, Rabbis and Jewish Communities in Renaissance Italy (Littman Library of Jewish Civilization) (1989) ( ???? 0-19-710064-3 ), ( ???? 978-0-19-710064-6 )
The Jews of Italy: Memory And Identity , eds Dr Barbara Garvin & Prof. Bernard Cooperman, Studies and Texts in Jewish History and Culture VII, University Press of Maryland (Bethesda 2000), ( ???? 1-883053-36-6 )
Schwarz, Guri, "After Mussolini: Jewish Life and Jewish Memory in Postfascist Italy", Vallentine Mitchell (London, Portland (OR), 2012.
Ferrara degli Uberti, Carlotta, "Fare gli ebrei Italiani. Autorapresentazioni di una minoranza (1861-1918)", Il Mulino (Bologna), 2010.
Pacifici Noja, Ugo G. and Silvia (2010). Il cacciatore di giusti: storie di non ebrei che salvarono i figli di Israele dalla Shoah. Cantalupa Torinese: Effata.
Ferrara degli Uberti, Carlotta, "Making Italian Jews: Family, Gender, Religion and the Nation 1861-1918, Palgrave MacMillan (London) 2017.
Ebreo chi? Sociologia degli ebrei italiani (Jewish who? A sociology of the italian Jews today) Ugo G. Pacifici Noja and Giorgio Pacifici eds., with contributions of Umberto Abenaim, Massimiliano Boni, Angelica Edna Calo Livne, Enzo Campelli, Renata Conforty Orvieto, Sergio Della Pergola, Roberto Della Rocca, Anna Foa, Silvia \Maiocchi, Natan Orvieto, Rossana Ottolenghi, Giorgio Pacifici, Ugo G. Pacifici Noja, Vittorio Pavoncello, Gian Stefano Spoto, Claudio Vercelli, with a foreword of Furio Colombo, Jaca Book, Milan, 2017 {I 978-88-16-41419-8}}

??? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

Mahzor kefi ha-nahug li-kehal Roma , Casal Maggiore 1486
?elek me-ha-ma?zor kefi minhag k”k Roma , Bologna 1540
Ma?zor ke-minhag Roma , Mantua 1557
Siddur mebarekhah: ke-minhag k”k Italiani , Venice 1618
Siddur Bene Romi , Milan 2002
The Complete Italian Machazor , ed. Emanuele Artom, Jerusalem 2005 [1]
Mahzor Ke-Minhag Roma , ed. Robert Bonfil, Jerusalem 2012, ( ???? 978-965-493-621-7 )

??????? ???????????? [ ??? ]

Italian Jewish Musical Traditions from the ??? ???? Collection (1954?1961) (Anthology of Music Traditions in Israel, 14, edited by Francesco Spagnolo ): contains examples of Italian liturgical music from the Italiani/Bene Romi, Sephardi and Ashkenazi traditions
Talile Zimra - Singing Dew : The Florence-Leghorn Jewish Musical Tradition , Beth Hatefutsot, 2002
Adler Israel, Hosha’ana Rabbah in Casale Monferrato 1732: Dove in the Clefts of the Rock , Jewish Music Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem: Jerusalem 1990 (Yuval Music series Volume: 2), book and CD
Free download of tefillot, haftarot, parashot sung according the Italian rite on the site www.torah.it

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ?? ???????

[1] Kjeilen? Tore. "Israel / Peoples - LookLex Encyclopaedia" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-04.

[2] In the old manuscripts of the Italian rite, in Daniel Goldschmidt's print and in references in early literature such as Shibbole ha-Leket . Today's minhag bene Romi follows the Sephardic rite in using keter for musaf only and nakdishach for all other services.

[2]