?????? ?? ?????

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???????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? 1989? ??? ?? ???? ?? 10 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1989 ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? - ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? (??????).

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? 2008 ? 2011? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2011? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 2008. [3]

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? 90?. ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? (14? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? )? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 2011? ??? ????? ???????? ????? 50?. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????. [8]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 95 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 15 ? 64 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? 78 ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ?? 4 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? 10 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????. [9]

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? (???? ????? ≪?????? ???≫ ?? ???????) ?? ??? 1981 ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ≪?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????≫. ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???. ??????? ?? ??? 1985? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? 2.4 ????? ?? ????? ??????? 1992. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????.

?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. [10]

?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? 10000 ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1991. ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. [10]

???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????. [11] ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????.

??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????. ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. [10]

?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????.

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "Table 4: Gender Inequality Index" . United Nations Development Programme . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-11-07 .
  2. ^ "The Global Gender Gap Report 2013" (PDF) . World Economic Forum. ?. 12?13.
  3. ^ ? ? "Freedom in the World 2011 - Bhutan" . ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? Refworld online . Freedom House. 12 ???? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-10-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-20 .
  4. ^ Tshering? Dechen (16 ????? 2011). "Tshogpa dearth for real" . Kuensel . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-03-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-21 .
  5. ^ Namgyal? Gyembo (3 ???? 2011). "Where have the tshogpas gone?" . Bhutan Observer online. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-02-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-21 .
  6. ^ Sherpa? Sherpem (21 ????? 2011). Baerthlein, Thomas (??????). "Bhutan holds first-ever local government elections" . Deutsche Welle online. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-08-31 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-20 .
  7. ^ "When the candidates are illiterate" . Bhutan Broadcasting Service . 28 ?????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-05-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-05-20 .
  8. ^ Pelden? Sonam (12 ????? 2011). "Should Bhutan Have Leadership Quotas for Women?" . Bhutan Observer online. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-09-08 .
  9. ^ ????:Country study
  10. ^ ? ? ? ????:Country study
  11. ^ "Feature: All in the Family", Kuensel 27 August 2007; http://www.kuenselonline.com/feature-all-in-the-family/ ???? ?????? 2015-05-11 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
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