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????????	38°53′29″N 77°01′33″W / 38.8913°N 77.0259°W
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?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ( ??????????? : National Museum of Natural History )? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ????? 364 ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????.

????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 125 ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 185 ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????.

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? .

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??? 1910 ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????. ^[9] ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? 2000? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?80 ????? ????? ??? 1997 20 ?????? ???????. ^[10]

???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ( National Herbarium ).

?? ??? 2005? ???? ????? ≪????? ??????≫ ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????. ^[11] ??? ??? 2008? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? 460 ?² . ^[12]

????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?≪ ???? ?????≫ ??????? ??????? ≪???? ????≫. ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? 15 ??? ??? ? ?350 ??? ???? ? ?300 ???? ????? . ^[13] ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? 35 ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????. ^[13]

???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? 45.52 ?????? (9.104 ?????)? ^[13] ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ≪???? ????≫? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 330 ?????? (66 ?????)? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ????? .

??? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?16,000 ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?9,000? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? 1312 ??? ?????.

???? ??????????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 570 ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?200% ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? (190 ??? ???? ?? 1970 ????? ?? 570 ??? ?? ??? 2008). ^[14] ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[15]^[16] ??? ???????? 46 ≪???? ????? ?????≫ ?? ???????????. ^[17] ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ^[18]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? - ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? - ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????. ^[19] ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (????? ????? ????????)? ???? ?????? ??? ???? 1890 ?1930 ^[20]

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ^[21] ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ≪?????: ????? ?? ???????.≫ ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????.

???? ??? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ??????
???? ?????
???? ???????????
???? ???????
????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????

?? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????.
?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? (????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????) ?? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ????? ???? ? 7.4.0? QID : Q12013
^ Library of Congress , Library of Congress Name Authority File (???????????), QID : Q18912790
^ https://siarchives.si.edu/history/national-museum-natural-history . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-03-04 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ "A Brief History" (???????????).
^ "Natural History Building, Smithsonian Institution" (???????????) . Retrieved 2020-04-12 .
^ ^? ^? https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_14435 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-07-13 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ Visitor Statistics (???????????), Smithsonian Institution , QID : Q26847034
^ https://naturalhistory.si.edu/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-04-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ "About The Museum" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Smithsonian Receives Gift Of $80 Million" . New York Times . 19 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "NYC exhibit of diamonds arranged as butterfly" . Staten Island Advance . 3 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Smithsonian's 'Dig It' exhibit opens with help from UD soil scientists" . ????? ??????? . 7 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ ^? ^? ^? Hevesi? Dennis (6 ????? 2008). "George Switzer, 92, Dies; Started a Gem Treasury" . New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-04-09 .
^ "Vertebrate Zoology: Division of Amphibians & Reptiles" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "New and Improved" . ??????? ????????? (????) . 1 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Dinosaur Hall" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Dinosaur Collections" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-07-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Virtual Tour of the Dinosaur Collections" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Department of Vertebrate Zoology" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-02-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "Vertebrate Zoology: Division of Mammals" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .
^ "National Museum of Natural History - Smithsonian Institution" . ?????? ???? . 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-09-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (???????????)
?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????
??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????

38°53′29″N 77°01′33″W / 38.8913°N 77.0259°W / 38.8913; -77.0259

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.
???? ?? ?? ???? ?????.

[wikidata-aca5c737a1edc434d36a0371fe9381b7f4ebf16e-1] ? ^? ????? ???? ? 7.4.0? QID : Q12013

[wikidata-e5479aea195cbbd989cf9181fdd57e84f86e2a1f-2] Library of Congress , Library of Congress Name Authority File (???????????), QID : Q18912790

[wikidata-b17f312188cb35ab7dde9480cd5af9328d98b0e1-3] ttps://siarchives.si.edu/history/national-museum-natural-history . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-03-04 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-5f8610aa9c95e476eb940ecc89644cd1f99afd5e-4] "A Brief History" (???????????).

[wikidata-6d0fdeb464ae5603f64d07f7ffe0108077b34db5-5] "Natural History Building, Smithsonian Institution" (???????????) . Retrieved 2020-04-12 .

[wikidata-e500e626e4cadc1421cc27b77833147647d8fef9-6] ? ^? https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_14435 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-07-13 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-23ac1e71c6dd625849c11498f9659aa91cde9be5-7] Visitor Statistics (???????????), Smithsonian Institution , QID : Q26847034

[wikidata-99d48c92bee69500160c298eac914a19eecb5864-8] ttps://naturalhistory.si.edu/ . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-04-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[9] "About The Museum" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[10] "Smithsonian Receives Gift Of $80 Million" . New York Times . 19 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[11] "NYC exhibit of diamonds arranged as butterfly" . Staten Island Advance . 3 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[12] "Smithsonian's 'Dig It' exhibit opens with help from UD soil scientists" . ????? ??????? . 7 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[nyt-13] ? ^? ^? Hevesi? Dennis (6 ????? 2008). "George Switzer, 92, Dies; Started a Gem Treasury" . New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-04-09 .

[14] "Vertebrate Zoology: Division of Amphibians & Reptiles" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[15] "New and Improved" . ??????? ????????? (????) . 1 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[16] "Dinosaur Hall" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[17] "Dinosaur Collections" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-07-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[18] "Virtual Tour of the Dinosaur Collections" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-02-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[19] "Department of Vertebrate Zoology" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-02-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[20] "Vertebrate Zoology: Division of Mammals" . National Museum of Natural History. 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

[21] "National Museum of Natural History - Smithsonian Institution" . ?????? ???? . 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-09-18 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-17 .

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