한국   대만   중국   일본 
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???????? ( ????????? : CJM )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1813) في ويكي بيانات
????? ???????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P17) في ويكي بيانات
????? ??????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P159) في ويكي بيانات
????? ??????? 13 ????? 1936  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P571) في ويكي بيانات
???? ??????? ????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P740) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P112) في ويكي بيانات
????? ???????? ????? 501   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1454) في ويكي بيانات
????? ?????? ????????     [???? ????] ‏  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2541) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????? ???????? ?????? (1979?2007) [1]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P488) في ويكي بيانات
???????
?????? ????????? 14338415 ???? (2020)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2139) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P856) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب
  ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? .

??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? . ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? 70 ????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????. ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1936 ? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??.

??????? ??????? ???????

????? ????? ??????? , [2] ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? - ?????? ? ????? - ?????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ????? - ????? ? ?????? ????? - ????????? ? ????? ? ??????

????? ?????? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????: ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????-?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? 100 ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? . [2] ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????.

?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??/????? 2010.

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 400 ?????? ?? 62 ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????/????? 2009. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? 1975 ???????. . [3]

????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. . [4] ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 1989 ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. [5]

????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ???????? ??13 ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????/????? 2009 ?????? ?. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. [6]

???? ??????? ?????? ?. ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? 2009.

??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????. ???????? ??400 ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????: ?????? ???? (????????) ?????? ?????? (???????) ????? ??? (????????) ??? ??????? (???????) ????? ??????? (???????) ????? ????? (????????? ???????) ????? ????? (???????) ???? ????? (???????? ??????? ?????????) ?????? ???? (???? ???????).

????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????: ????? ???????? ????? ( ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? (??????? ??????? ?????? ??????) ????? ?????????? ???????? (??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????). ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? (??????? ?????? ??????) ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? (??????? ??????? ????????) ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? (??????? ??????? ???? ??????) ??? ?????? ?????? (??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????) ??? ????? (??????? ??????? ??????? ???????). ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?. ????????? (???????? ???????), ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? (???????) ??????? ????? (???????) ????? ????? (?????) ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? (???????? ??????? ?????????) [7] ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????. . [8] ??? ??? ?????? / ????? 2011 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (??????? ?? ??? ????) ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. . [9] [10]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? / ????? 1936 ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? "?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????", ?"?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????" ?"???? ???? ????? ?? ??????" ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????" ”. [11] [12]

???????? ??????? (1917-1936) [ ??? ]

???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? [[??????? ??????? ???????? ?Comite des Delegations Juives ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? / ???? 1919 ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? Sevres (1920) ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????. . [13] [14] [15]

?? ????? ????? / ?????? 1917 ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?≪??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????≫. [16] ?? 1923 ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ≪?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????. .≫ [17] ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? 1926 ?????? 1927. ???? ??????? ?? ????? 65 ?????? ?? 13 ???? ?????? 43 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????. . [18] ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??/????? ??? 1932. ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. [19] ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???: ≪????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? 16 ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. .≫ [20]

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1934 ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? . [15] [21] ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ≪???????≫ ?? ????????? ???. ???????: ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ." [22] ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? "???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ." [23] ??? ??? 1933, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ≪?????? ???? ??????≫ ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????. . [24]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? 1933 ?1934 ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? / ????? 1936 ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ??52 ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??.??. ?? 13-14 ?? ?????? / ????? 1936 ??????? 1000 ????? ?? 99 ????? ?? 32 ????? ???????. . [25] ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????. . [19] ????? 230 ?????? ???????? 32 ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????: ≪???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. .≫ [26]

???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? (??????) ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. [19] ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????. . [27]

Nahum Goldmann ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? 1949-1977

??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? *???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????. . [28]

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????: ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? (????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???. ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????. . [29]

????? ?????? ????? ?????? / ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (???? ??????) ??? ???? 91 ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????: "?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? 17 ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????. ." [30] ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? / ?????? 1939 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? 1940, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????. ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. . [31] ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????: ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (??? ???? ??????), ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? (?? ????? ???????) ???? ?????. ??? 1940 ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????. . [15] [32]

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? 1939 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? (RELICO) ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????. . [33]

?? ?????? ??? ??????: ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? (?????) ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? 7 ?????? / ????? 1942. [34]

??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? 18 ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? / ????? 1942. . [35] 

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????. ??? 1940 ??? ??????? 
???? ?????
 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. .
[36]

????? ????? 1941 ?????? 1942 ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? 11 ?? / ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. . [37] ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ??? ??? ???: ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ≪????≫ ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????. ≪????≫ ” [37]

???? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? , ????? ?????? / ?????? 1944

???? ?????? ????? ?? 28 ?? / ?????? 1942 ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?. ??? ????? ?????? ???????. . [38] ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? . ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ≪?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????≫ ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???. ??? 25 ????? ?????? / ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. . [39] ??? 28 ???? / ????? 1942, ????? 20000 ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? "?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? / ???? 1943 22000 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?15000 ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? . . [40] [41] ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? 1944 ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?. ??????? ?? "??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????" ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? "??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????".

???? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. . [42] ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? 1350 ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?70 ???? ???????? . [43] ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? 1943, ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ." [44] ???? ?? ????? ?????? / ????? 1944 ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?. ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? "????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????". ". [45] 

????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? "???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????" ???? ????? "????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????". ."
[46]

????? ?????? ???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

A. Leon Kubowitzki

??? 9 ?? / ????? 1944 ?. ????? ?????????? (?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????) ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?. ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ." [47] 

 ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 1948, ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????.]] ?? ????? ?????? / ?????? 1944, ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? 
???????? ????
 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? 10 ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? JTA ????????? ???????:

"?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????. [48]

???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??-??.??. ?????? ???? [ ??? ]

??? ???? / ?????? 1945 ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????.??. ?????? ???? [49] 

??? ????? / ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? 70 ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? 4500 ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????.
	
[50]

?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? . 22</ref> [51] [52] [53]

????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? / ????? 1948

?? 21 ????? / ?????? 1946 ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?≪????? ???????≫. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????. . [54] [55]

???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 1945. ??? 1947 ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? (ECOSOC)). [56] ??? 1947, ????? 30,000 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ?????????. . [57]

??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? . ???? ??"?????" ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? 1936 ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????????. ." [58] ??? 1946 ?? ????? ?????? ???????-??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. .” [59] ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 181 ?? 1947 ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ??? 15 ????/ ???? 1948 ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ≪??????? ??????? ???????≫ ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? 34 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? 27 ??????/ ????? ??? 6 ???? / ????? 1948. . [60]

????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? 1949 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? 1950 ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????. ??? 1951 ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ≪????? ????? ?????????≫ (Claims Conference). ). [61]

????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1948]] ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. . [62] ??? 10 ????? / ?????? 1952 ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? (??????? ???????) ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????. ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? 450 ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? 278,000 ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? 60 ????? ?????. . [62] ??? 1952, ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????. . [63] ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? (4-11 ?? / ????? 1953) ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. [63]

????? [ ??? ]

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????? ?????? [ ??? ]

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