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????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? . ^[1]^[2]^[3] ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? (1100-1500 ?.?.) ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? (Daman and Diu) ?????? ?????? ?????? (Dadra and Nagar Haveli).

????? ?? ????? 65,5 ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. ^{[
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]} ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? . ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? "???? ?????? ???? ????? " ??????? ?????????? ???? (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel) "??? ????? ???????". ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? (Swami Dayananda Saraswati) ???????? ????? (Morarji Desai) ???????? ????? (Narsinh Mehta) ????? ?????? (Dhirubhai Ambani) ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? (J. R. D. Tata) ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) "???? ?????? ???? ??????? .

????? [ ??? ]

^ Timeline: Personalities? Story of Pakistan. "Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876?1948)" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-05-12 .
^ Rehman? Zia Ur (18 ????? 2015). "With a handful of subbers, two newspapers barely keeping Gujarati alive in Karachi" . The News International . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-14 . In Pakistan, the majority of Gujarati-speaking communities are in Karachi including Dawoodi Bohras, Ismaili Khojas, Memons, Kathiawaris, Katchhis, Parsis (Zoroastrians) and Hindus, said Gul Hasan Kalmati, a researcher who authored "Karachi, Sindh Jee Marvi", a book discussing the city and its indigenous communities. Although there are no official statistics available, community leaders claim that there are three million Gujarati-speakers in Karachi ? roughly around 15 percent of the city's entire population.
^ Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen ( ?????????? ???? , 133 KB) "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-09-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-26 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

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[1] Timeline: Personalities? Story of Pakistan. "Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876?1948)" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-05-12 .

[2] Rehman? Zia Ur (18 ????? 2015). "With a handful of subbers, two newspapers barely keeping Gujarati alive in Karachi" . The News International . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-01-14 . In Pakistan, the majority of Gujarati-speaking communities are in Karachi including Dawoodi Bohras, Ismaili Khojas, Memons, Kathiawaris, Katchhis, Parsis (Zoroastrians) and Hindus, said Gul Hasan Kalmati, a researcher who authored "Karachi, Sindh Jee Marvi", a book discussing the city and its indigenous communities. Although there are no official statistics available, community leaders claim that there are three million Gujarati-speakers in Karachi ? roughly around 15 percent of the city's entire population.

[3] Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen ( ?????????? ???? , 133 KB) "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-09-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-12-26 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

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