한국   대만   중국   일본 
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تحتوي هذه المقالة ترجمة آلية، يلزم إزالتها لتحسين المقالة.
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????? ?????? ( ???????? ????????? : ???? ?????? )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1705) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?   ??????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P282) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????????? عدل القيمة على Wikidata
???? 639-2 ota   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P219) في ويكي بيانات
???? 639-3 ota   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P220) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب


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??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? [??????????]

????? ??????? ????????? ( ????? ??????? ) ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. [1] [2] [3] ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

  • ??? ?????? ????? ): - ? , no suffix. ??? gol 'the lake' 'a lake', ????? corba 'soup', ???? gece 'night'; ?????? ????? ?av?an getirmi? 'he/she brought a rabbit'.
  • ????? : suffix ?/?? ?(n)ın, ?(n)in, ?(n)un, ?(n)un . ?????? pa?anın 'of the pasha'; ????? kitabın 'of the book'.
  • ????? ????? : suffix ? ?ı, -i : ??????? ????? ?av?anı geturmi? 'he/she brought the rabbit'. The variant suffix ?u, ?u does not occur in Ottoman Turkish orthography unlike in Modern Turkish, although it's pronounced with the vowel harmony. Thus, ???? goli 'the lake' vs. Modern Turkish golu . [4]
  • ??????? ??? ?????? :
  • Locative : suffix ?? ?de, ?da : ?????? mektebde 'at school', ????? ?afe?de 'in (the/a) cage', ????? ba?da 'at a/the start', ????? ?ehirde 'in town'. The variant suffix used in Modern Turkish ?te, ?ta does not occur.
  • ???? ???????? :
  • Instrumental : suffix or postposition ???? ile . Generally not counted as a grammatical case in modern grammars.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???:

??? ???? ?????? ???
1 -irim -iriz
2 -irsiŋ -irsiŋiz
3 -ir -irler

???? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? 88 ? ?? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????. [5]

????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? 88? ?? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. [6] [7] [8]

????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????. ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. [9] ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????. [9] It was however not only extensive loaning of words, but along with them much of the grammatical systems of Persian and Arabic. [9] ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????. [9] It was however not only extensive loaning of words, but along with them much of the grammatical systems of Persian and Arabic. [9]

??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? (??? ?????) ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????:

  • Fasih Turkce (??????? ???????): ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????
  • Orta Turkce (????? ??????? ??????): ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????
  • Kaba Turkce (??????? ?????): ??? ??????? ??????.

???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? fasih ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? kaba. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? (???) ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.

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????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
? ? ? / ?? ? / ?? ??? a, a
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? ?? ??? ?? ?? b, p
? ?? ??? ?? ?? p
? ?? ??? ?? ?? t
? ?? ??? ?? ?? s
? ?? ??? ?? ??? c, c
? ?? ??? ?? cim c
? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?
? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?
? ? ?? ?? ??? d
? ? ?? ?? ??? (?????) z
? ? ?? ?? ?? r
? ? ?? ?? ?? z
? ? ?? ?? ?? j
? ?? ??? ?? ??? s
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? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?, ?
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? ?? ??? ?? ?? f
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? ?? ??? ?? ??? k, g, n
? ?? ??? ?? ???¹ g
? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? n
? ?? ??? ?? ??? l
? ?? ??? ?? ??? m
? ?? ??? ?? ??? n
? ? ?? ?? ??? v, o, o, o, u, u, u
? ?? ??? ?? ?? h, e, a
?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? la
? ?? ??? ?? ?? y, ı, i, i

??????? [ ??? ]

1
?? ( bir )
2
???? ( iki )
3
??? ( uc )
4
??? ( dort )
5
?? ( be? )
6
???? ( altı )
7
??? ( yedi )
8
??? ( sekiz )
9
???? ( dokuz )
10
??? ( on )

????? ??????? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? [10] ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ≪ ????????? ??????? ≫? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ≪ ???????? ≫? ?≪ ????????? ≫? ?≪ ????????? ≫? ?≪ ???????? ≫ ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????.

??? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ≪ ??????? ????????? ≫ ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????.

????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????.

??? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????.

??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. [ ????? ????? ]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Agoston? Gabor? Masters? Bruce Alan (21 ???? 2010). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire . Infobase Publishing. ISBN : 978-1-4381-1025-7 .
  2. ^ Persian Historiography & Geography Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd ( ???? 9971774887 ) p 69 ???? ?????? 2017-03-22 ?? Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Turkey - Language Reform: From Ottoman To Turkish" . Countrystudies.us . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-05-24 .
  4. ^ Redhouse? William James. A Simplified Grammar of the Ottoman-Turkish Language . ?. 52.
  5. ^ "????? ????? ????????? ???????? / ???????? ???? ?????? | ??????? ???????? ???? | ??????? ???????" . www.nli.org.il (????????). ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-26 .
  6. ^ Percy Ellen Algernon Frederick William Smythe Strangford     [???? ????] ‏? Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe Strangford     [???? ????] ‏? Emily Anne Beaufort Smythe Strangford     [???? ????] ‏, “ Original Letters and Papers of the late Viscount Strangford upon Philological and Kindred Subjects ”, Published by Trubner, 1878. pg 46: “The Arabic words in Turkish have all decidedly come through a Persian channel. I can hardly think of an exception, except in quite late days, when Arabic words have been used in Turkish in a different sense from that borne by them in Persian.” ???? ?????? 2021-04-15 ?? Wayback Machine
  7. ^ M. Sukru Hanioglu, “A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire”, Published by Princeton University Press, 2008. p. 34: “It employed a predominant Turkish syntax, but was heavily influenced by Persian and (initially through Persian) Arabic.
  8. ^ Pierre A. MacKay, " The Fountain at Hadji Mustapha ," Hesperia , Vol. 36, No. 2 (Apr. ? Jun., 1967), pp. 193?195: "The immense Arabic contribution to the lexicon of Ottoman Turkish came rather through Persian than directly, and the sound of Arabic words in Persian syntax would be far more familiar to a Turkish ear than correct Arabic". "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-05-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-06-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  9. ^ ? ? ? ? ? Korkut Bugday. An Introduction to Literary Ottoman Routledge, 5 dec. 2014 ( ???? 978-1134006557 ) p XV. ???? ?????? 2021-04-15 ?? Wayback Machine
  10. ^ ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? 2022-06-26 ?? Wayback Machine

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