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????????	59°56′12″N 30°18′08″E / 59.93655556°N 30.30216944°E
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?????? ???????? ( ???????? : Медный всадник? ?????? ???? ≪?????? ???????≫) ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? . ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? 1833? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? . ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.

????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ^[1] ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? 1500 ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ^{[
????? ?????
]}

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????

??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? (????? ????????? ??????) ?? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ^[2] ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ( Petro Primo Catharina Secunda MDCCLXXXII ) ?????? ????????? ?????? ( Петру перьвому Екатерина вторая, л?та 1782 ) ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ≪?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? 1782≫ ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? 1766. ^[3]

?? 1775 ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ^[3] ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? 12 ?????? ?? 1770 ??? 1782? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ^{[
????? ?????
]}

???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????-?? ?????? ??????? 18 ????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? 1766. ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? "Mademoiselle Victoire" (?????? ???????). ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??? 1771 ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????. ^{[
????? ?????
]}

?? 7 ????? 1782? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???. ^[3]

???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? . ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????????. ^[4] ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? 6 ????? (20 ???)? ????? ???? ??? ??????? 7 ????? (25 ???)? ????? ????? ????? 13 ????? ??????? (45 ???). ^[5]

??? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????????: Гром-камень) ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? 6 ?? (3.7 ???) ?? ???? ?????? ?? 1768. ^[6] ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????. ^[7] ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???????? (Μαρ?νο? Χαρμπο?ρη?) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????. ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[8]

??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? 13.5 ?? (6 ?????)? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ^[8] ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? 400 ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ^[3] ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? 32 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? 100 ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????. ^[8] ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 150 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ^[8] ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? 1770? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ≪??? ????? ?? ???????≫. ^[7]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? (La Nature)? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? 7 × 14 × 9 ?. ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? 1500 ??. ^[8] ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????.

???? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? 900 ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? (????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? 1924-1991)? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 900 ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ^[4] ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????.

????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? 1833 ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ≪?????? ????????≫. ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????.

??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????.

?? 1903 ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? .

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????: ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (1926-197) ?? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? 1904? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? 1905 ≪???????????? ??????≫ ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? 1912 ??? ???? ????? (????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????). ^[9]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Adam 1977 ? ???? 42?45
^ "St. Petersburg in Architecture: The Bronze Horseman" . University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture + Urban Planning. 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 31 December 2006 . ???? ???? ?????? 22 April 2007 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? "Bronze Horseman" . Optima. 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 30 ???? 2019 . ???? ???? ?????? 23his li April 2007 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
^ ^? ^? "The Bronze Horseman" . Saint-Petersburg.com. 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-22 .
^ "Saint Petersburg" . TourArena. 2001. ????? ?? ????? ?? 27 ?????? 2007 . ???? ???? ?????? 22 ????? 2007 .
^ "Lakhta" . Saint Petersburg Encyclopaedia. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-22 .
^ ^? ^? "Thunder-Stone" . Saint Petersburg Encyclopaedia. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-22 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? "Transport du piedestal de la statue de Pierre le Grand" . La Nature magazine, second semester 1882. (?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-12-28 . Retrieved 2007-04-22 .
^ Cairney? Christopher (2004). "Pushkin, Mickiewicz, and 'The Horse of Stone' in Nostromo". Conradian . ?. 29 ?. 2: 110?115.

59°56′11″N 30°18′08″E / 59.9364°N 30.3022°E / 59.9364; 30.3022

??????? [ ??? ]

(?????????) Histoire et statues des personnalites qui ont marque Saint-Petersbourg
Adam, Jean-Pierre (1977), "A propos du trilithon de Baalbek: Le transport et la mise en oeuvre des megalithes", Syria (?????????), vol. 54, pp. 31?63, DOI : 10.3406/syria.1977.6623
(?????????) Les Francais a Saint-Petersbourg, extrait du livre de N.Smirnova, ci-dessous.
(?????????) Transport du piedestal de la statue de Pierre le Grand, in La Nature , 1882.
Ruprechtsberger, Erwin M. (1999), "Vom Steinbruch zum Jupitertempel von Heliopolis/Baalbek (Libanon)", Linzer Archaologische Forschungen (??????????), vol. 30, pp. 7?56

????? [ ??? ]

(?????????) Natalia Smirnova, Saint-Petersbourg ou l'enlevement d'Europe , ed. Olizane, Geneve, 1996 ( ???? 2-88086-191-8 )
(?????????) Christiane Dellac, Marie-Anne Collot : Une sculptrice francaise a la cour de Catherine II, 1748?1821 , L'Harmattan, (2005) ( ???? 2-7475-8833-5 ).

?????? ?? ??????? [ ??? ]

Alexander M. Schenker, The Bronze Horseman: Falconet's Monument to Peter the Great , Yale University Press, New Haven CT, 2003 ( ???? 0-300-09712-3 ).

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ????????

[Adam_1977,_42−45-1] Adam 1977 ? ???? 42?45

[St._Petersburg_in_Architecture:_The_Bronze_Horseman-2] "St. Petersburg in Architecture: The Bronze Horseman" . University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture + Urban Planning. 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 31 December 2006 . ???? ???? ?????? 22 April 2007 .

[sph-3] ? ^? ^? ^? "Bronze Horseman" . Optima. 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 30 ???? 2019 . ???? ???? ?????? 23his li April 2007 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )

[Saint-Petersburg.com-4] ? ^? "The Bronze Horseman" . Saint-Petersburg.com. 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-22 .

[TourArena-5] "Saint Petersburg" . TourArena. 2001. ????? ?? ????? ?? 27 ?????? 2007 . ???? ???? ?????? 22 ????? 2007 .

[Lakhta-6] "Lakhta" . Saint Petersburg Encyclopaedia. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-22 .

[Thunder-Stone-7] ? ^? "Thunder-Stone" . Saint Petersburg Encyclopaedia. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-02-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-04-22 .

[La_Nature-8] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? "Transport du piedestal de la statue de Pierre le Grand" . La Nature magazine, second semester 1882. (?????????). Archived from the original on 2018-12-28 . Retrieved 2007-04-22 .

[9] Cairney? Christopher (2004). "Pushkin, Mickiewicz, and 'The Horse of Stone' in Nostromo". Conradian . ?. 29 ?. 2: 110?115.

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