한국   대만   중국   일본 
?????? ?? ????? ???????? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

?????? ?? ????? ????????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????.

???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? .

????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? 224 ??????? ???? ?9 ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? 2009. [1] ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. [2]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? 2019? ??? 26? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. [3] [4] [5]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? [6]
?????? ?? ????? ???????? [7]
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????
????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???
2004 22.38 237 223 -15 18.50 70.20
2007 23.78 214 229 15 18.12 62.32
2008 23.86 236 242 6 19.54 69.37
2009 23.91 224 236 12 17.76 66.20
2012 24.45 18.21 64.82
2012R 24.76 164 236 72 16.20 45.42
2013 24.90 168 280 112 16.44 47.68
????? 2004-09 6.8? -5.4? 5.5? - -4.0? -5.7?
Mtoe = 11.63 ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? 2/3 ?????? ??????? [8]

2012R = ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???????

??????? ????? ?? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? (IEA)? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1990 ?????? 1247 ??????? / ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 712 ??????? / ???? ?? ??? 2000. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? 819 ??????? / ???? ?? ??? 2008? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1970. [9] [10]

?? ??? 2017? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? . [11] [12] ??? ??? 2019? ????? ????????? ??? ?? 55? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. [13]

????? ??? 2019? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. [14]

?????? ????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? . ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. [15]

????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? S?ngri ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. [16]

?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. [17]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????. [18] [19] ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??  Salmon 

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ 2011 IEA Key energy statistics 2011 ???? ?????? 2011-10-27 ?? Wayback Machine Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
  2. ^ Makowsky? Peter? Town? Jenny? Pitz? Samantha (3 ????? 2019). "North Korea's Hydroelectric Power - Part I" . 38 North . The Henry L. Stimson Center. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-02 .
  3. ^ Jang? Seulkee (22 ?????? 2021). "North Korea's electricity situation worsens compared to last year" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-23.
  4. ^ "North Korea is trying to find a way to keep the lights on" . 19 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27.
  5. ^ "North Korea still lacks electricity, but energy aid could be the future: Report | NK News" . NK News - North Korea News . 27 ????? 2021. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27.
  6. ^ "Satellite data strongly suggests that China, Russia and other authoritarian countries are fudging their GDP reports" . Washington Post . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-10-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-01 .
  7. ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015 ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine , 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 ???? ?????? 2015-04-05 ?? Wayback Machine + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013 ???? ?????? 2014-09-02 ?? Wayback Machine , 2012 ???? ?????? 2013-03-09 ?? Wayback Machine , 2011 ???? ?????? 2011-10-27 ?? Wayback Machine , 2010 ???? ?????? 2010-10-11 ?? Wayback Machine , 2009 ???? ?????? 2013-10-07 ?? Wayback Machine , 2006 ???? ?????? 2009-10-12 ?? Wayback Machine IEA October, crude oil p. 11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
  8. ^ Energy in Sweden 2010 ???? ?????? ?????? 16, 2013 ?? Wayback Machine , Facts and figures, The Swedish Energy Agency, Table 8 Losses in nuclear power stations Table 9 Nuclear power brutto
  9. ^ Kim Tae Hong (6 ????? 2012). "Economic Collapse Reflected in Scarce Electricity" . Daily NK . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-09-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-06 .
  10. ^ "N. Korea's power consumption per capita at 1970s levels" . Yonhap News . Yonhap. 6 ????? 2012. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-08-06 .
  11. ^ Frank? Ruediger (6 ????? 2017). "Consumerism in North Korea: The Kwangbok Area Shopping Center" . 38 North . U.S.-Korea Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-04-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-04-10 .
  12. ^ Lankov? Andrei (31 ???? 2017). "How North Korea 's electricity supply became one of the world's worst" . NK News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-21 . outside walls of houses are nearly all plastered with solar panels
  13. ^ Shin? Hyonhee (18 ????? 2019). "Cheap solar panels power consumer appliance boom in North Korea" . Reuters. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-27 .
  14. ^ Park Min-hee? Noh Ji-won (14 ????? 2019). "From darkness to light: North Koreans experience abundance of electricity for first time" . The Hankyoreh . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-27 .
  15. ^ Aizhu? Chen (28 ????? 2017). "How North Korea gets its oil from China: lifeline in question at U.N. meeting" . Reuters . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-09 .
  16. ^ "Can North Korea Survive An Oil Embargo?" . OilPrice . 12 ?????? 2017. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-23.
  17. ^ Aizhu? Chen (28 ????? 2017). "How North Korea gets its oil from China: lifeline in question at U.N. meeting" . Reuters . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-09 . Aizhu, Chen (2017-04-28). "How North Korea gets its oil from China: lifeline in question at U.N. meeting" . Reuters . Retrieved 2017-09-09 .
  18. ^ Jang? Seulkee (22 ?????? 2021). "North Korea's electricity situation worsens compared to last year" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-23. Jang, Seulkee (February 22, 2021). "North Korea's electricity situation worsens compared to last year" .
  19. ^ Makowsky? Peter? Town? Jenny? Pitz? Samantha (3 ????? 2019). "North Korea's Hydroelectric Power - Part I" . 38 North . The Henry L. Stimson Center. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-02-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-02 . Makowsky, Peter; Town, Jenny; Pitz, Samantha (3 July 2019). "North Korea's Hydroelectric Power - Part I" . 38 North . The Henry L. Stimson Center . Retrieved 2 September 2019 .
?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????_??_?????_????????&oldid=65421224 ≫