한국   대만   중국   일본 
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??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ( ??????????? : Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership? ?????????: TTIP) ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2010 ??? ??? 2014? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????????. [1]

???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? [2] ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 2018. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????. [3] ?? 15 ????? ??? 2019? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??? ≪?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????≫. [4]

?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????. [5] ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. [6]

???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 120 ????? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 90 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? 100 ????? ????. [7] ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ≪????? ??? ??????? ??????????≫? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. [8] ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? [9] [10] [11] ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????. [12] ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????. [13]

?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? . [14] [15] ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ≪????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???≫. [16] ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ≪???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????????≫. [16] ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ≪??????? ??? ????????????? ≫ ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ≪????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????≫? [17] ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????. [18] ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? (??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ). [19] ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? [20] ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? . ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? 3.2 ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????. [14] [21]

??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 2014? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????. [22]

?? ???? 2015? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? 240 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? . [23]

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????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 50%. [24] ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. [25]

??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 2006? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. [26] [27] ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1990. ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????.

????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1995? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1998? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2007. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? . ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 2011 ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? 11 ?????? ??? 2013 ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????. ??? 12 ?????? ??? 2013? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. [28] ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. [29] [30]

?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 60% ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? 33% ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? 42% ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? 2% ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 46% ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? . [31] [32]

??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (???????? ??????) (2018) [33]
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?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? 351 ????? 179 ????? 1655 ????? 2181 ?????
?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? 213 ????? 196 ????? 1536 ????? 1806 ?????

???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???? ??? ?? 3%). [34]

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?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 2014 ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????: ????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. [35] [36]

???????? ?? ????? 2013? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? (?????? ????????) ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. [37] ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???????. [38]

?? ?????? 2016? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 87.5% ??? 97% ?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????. [39]

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????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????. [40] ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? . [35] [36]

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???? ?????: ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????

?? ???? 2014? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 7 ????? 2013 ???? ????? ≪??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????≫. ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ≪????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????????≫. [41]

?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????. ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. [42] ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????.

?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. [43]

?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? . ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? . [44] ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????????? (??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ) ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? (???? ?????) ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????.

?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. [45] ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. [46] ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.

??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????. [47] ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? 2015? ?????? ???????? ≪???? ????? ????? ??????????≫ ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ≪???? ?? ???? ?????≫ ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. [48]

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??? ??? ???? ≪????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????????≫. [40]

????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???: [35] [36]

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??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? (?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ) ???????? ≪????? ??????≫ ???? ??????? ?? ???. ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???. [63]

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????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????. [64] ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? 2016. [65]

  • ???? ????????? ??????: ?? 7 ??? 12 ????? ??? 2013 ?? ?????? ???????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 11 ??? 15 ?????? ??? 2013 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 16 ??? 21 ?????? ??? 2013 ?? ?????? ???????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 10 ??? 14 ???? ??? 2014 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 19 ??? 23 ???? ??? 2014 ?? ????????? ?????? ???????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 13 ??? 18 ????? ??? 2014 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 29 ?????? ??? 3 ?????? ??? 2014 ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 2 ??? 6 ?????? ??? 2015 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 20 ??? 24 ????? ??? 2015 ?? ???????.
  • ???? ????????? ???????: ?? 13 ??? 17 ????? ??? 2015 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ???: ?? 19 ??? 23 ?????? ??? 2015 ?? ?????.
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ???: ?? 22 ??? 26 ?????? ??? 2016 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ???: ?? 25 ??? 29 ????? ??? 2016 ?? ???????.
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ???: ?? 11 ??? 15 ????? ??? 2016 ?? ??????.
  • ???? ????????? ??????? ???: ?? 3 ??? 7 ?????? ??? 2016 ?? ???????

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??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? 2014? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????. [67] ?? ?????? ??? 2014? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? . [68]

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??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? (???? ?????? ????) ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 207 ??????? ??? 218 ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????. ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ≪??????? ???????≫ ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????. ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. [71]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ≪????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ≫. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. [8] ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? 80 ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????. [8] ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????. [8] ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ≪?????? ????????≫ ????? ?? ≪??????? ???≫ ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????????-??????????? ????????. [8]

?? ???? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???68 ????119 ????? ???? ????? ??? 2027? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???50 ????95 ????? ???? (?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???53 ????101 ????? ?????) ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? 24 ????? ???? ????? ??? 2027? ???? ???? 9 ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? 545 ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? 655 ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???????. [72]

?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? (???? 70% ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?30% ?? ???????? ?????????) ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????. [73]

????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? 120 ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? 90 ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? 100 ????? ????. [7] ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? 2013 ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. [7]

???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????: ≪??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? 0.21% ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 2027? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? 50 ??????? ?? ?????.≫ [12]

???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??? 2018 ????? ??????? ??????? ≪???????≫ ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? 0.7%? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? 0.7%. [74] ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????. [74]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

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