????? ????? ?????? ??????? ( ??????????? : Fourth Estate )? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???. ^[1]

??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????.

???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? .

????? ?? ????? ≪?????? ???????≫ ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? -?? ????? ??????? ??????- ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.

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???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ≪?????? ???????≫? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ≪??????? ?????? ?????≫ (1841) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? (?? ???????) ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? -≪?????? ???????≫- ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????.

??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ≪ ?????? ???????? ≫ ( 1837 ) ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????.

??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? (fourth Estate) ?? ????? ?? ??? 1752 .

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