???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????????????? 2018)

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????
???????	???? property ??? ?????.
?????	?????? 2018
?????	?????? 2018
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 2018 ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? .

?????? 2018 [ ??? ]

2 ??????

???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ≪ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????≫. ^[1]

10 ??????

????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ≪?????? ??????≫. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2018. ^[2]

17 ??????

-????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[3]

-??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? Ilyushin Il-20 ???? ????? 15 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ^[4]^[5]

29 ??????

??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????. ^[6]

?????? 2018 [ ??? ]

3 ??????

-???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ^[7]

-??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ≪??????≫ ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ≪????? ????≫ ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ^[8]

15 ??????

???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ^[9]

31 ??????

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ^[10]

?????? 2018 [ ??? ]

1 ??????

?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ≪????? ????≫ ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? . ^[11]

19 ??????

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 2011 - ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[12]

21 ??????

???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? 31 ??????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ^[6]^[13]

23 ??????

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????. ^[14]

24 ??????

??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 50 ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[15] ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ^[16]

????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? 20 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? ≪??? ???? ????≫ ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ^[17]

27 ??????

??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? . ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? . ^[18]

?????? 2018 [ ??? ]

2 ??????

???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ^[19] ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2014. ^[20]

7 ??????

???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? 2020. ^[21]

11 ??????

???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? . ^[22]

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ≪???≫ ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ^[23]^[24]

12 ??????

??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ≪?? ???? ???? ?????≫. ^[25]

14 ??????

???? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????. ^[26]

16 ??????

????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ≪???? ????? ???????????≫. ^[27]

19 ??????

?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? 2000 ???? ?? ????? ≪?? ???? 60 ??? 100 ???≫. ^[28] ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[29]

21 ??????

??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????.[33]

25 ??????

?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ^[30]

27 ??????

????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????. ^[31] ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ^[30]

30 ??????

????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (????) ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ^[32]

????? [ ??? ]

^ "The Latest: French FM says Syria's Assad has 'won the war' " . Associated Press (??????????? ?????????). 2 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "The Netherlands stops supporting Syrian rebels, ahead of Idlib offensive" . DutchNews.nl (??????????? ??????????). 10 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Russia claims there will be no Idlib offensive after agreement with Turkey to create military buffer zone" . The Independent (???????????). 17 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-11-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ Gross, Judah Ari. "In rare move, IDF admits Syria strike, expresses sorrow over Russian plane" . www.timesofisrael.com (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Syria shot down Russian military reconnaissance plane, admits Kremlin" . The Independent (???????????). 18 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-11-24 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ ^? ^? "US to establish observation posts on Syria-Turkey border: Mattis" . Rudaw . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .
^ "Israel will continue strikes in Syria despite S-300 missile system delivery: Minister" En . www.presstv.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-28 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ???? |script-title=: ????? ?????? ( help )
^ "Syria's Assad Reaches 'Understanding' With Arab States" . VOA (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-02-16 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ i24NEWS. "Road to recovery: Syria opens two key crossings with Jordan, Israel" . i24NEWS (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-31 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ "Turkish forces shell northern Syria, Kurdish-led force responds" . Reuters (???????????). 31 Oct 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ Press, Suzan Fraser, The Associated Press, Bassem Mroue, The Associated (1 Nov 2018). "US, Turkey begin joint patrols around northern Syrian town of Manbij" . Military Times (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-02-27 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Aboufadel, Leith (19 Nov 2018). "Daesh suffers devastating defeat as Syrian Army liberates entire Al-Safa region" . AMN - Al-Masdar News | ?????? ???? (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-31 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ Rempfer, Kyle (21 Nov 2018). "The US military is putting new observation posts in northern Syria" . Army Times (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Radio host who mocked Assad shot dead along with his colleague in Syria" . www.cbsnews.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .
^ Aji, Albert (25 Nov 2018). "Syria accuses rebels of poison gas attack in Aleppo" . The Sydney Morning Herald (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-11-29 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230404/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/the-latest-syrian-tv-21-injured-in-suspected-gas-attack/2018/11/24/fcb1a3fe-f029-11e8-8b47-bd0975fd6199_story.html?noredirect=on . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-20. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
^ "Syria regime and rebels swap prisoners, Turkey says" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-25.
^ Kurdistan24. "Kurdistan 24 captures completion of first US observation post on Syria-Turkey border" . Kurdistan24 (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-31 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Afp. "Syria coalition says it killed IS leader linked to beheadings" . www.thesundaily.my (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "US-led coalition strikes Islamic State figure involved in killing American Peter Kassig" . USA TODAY (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "FAA extends no-fly rule for US carriers over Damascus skies until December 2020" . TASS (????????). Archived from the original on 2018-12-09 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Syrian army demobilises some conscripted, reservist officers" . Reuters (???????????). 10 Dec 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Syrian Civilians Seize Oil Wells From Rebel Group" . OilPrice.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-12-11 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Farsnews" . en.farsnews.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .
^ "Turkey to Launch Operation Against U.S.-Backed Kurds in Syria 'In a Few Days' / World News / US News" en . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-28 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ???? |script-title=: ????? ?????? ( ?????? )
^ "U.S.-backed fighters in Syria capture last town held by ISIS" . NBC News (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-07 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "??????: ????? "??????? ??? ???" ???? ??????? ???????" . RT Arabic . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .
^ "Trump pulling all US troops from Syria, declaring IS defeat" . Associated Press (??????????? ?????????). 19 Dec 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-21 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .
^ "Erdo?an-Trump call resulted in US withdrawal from Syria: US official" . DailySabah . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .
^ ^? ^? " "???" ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????" . ??? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-01-06 .
^ "???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????" . ????? 24 / France 24 . 27 ?????? 2018. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-01-06 .
^ "Syria's Assad authorizes Iraqi forces to strike IS in Syria" . Washington Post (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-11 . Retrieved 2019-01-06 .

[1] "The Latest: French FM says Syria's Assad has 'won the war' " . Associated Press (??????????? ?????????). 2 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[2] "The Netherlands stops supporting Syrian rebels, ahead of Idlib offensive" . DutchNews.nl (??????????? ??????????). 10 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[3] "Russia claims there will be no Idlib offensive after agreement with Turkey to create military buffer zone" . The Independent (???????????). 17 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-11-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[4] Gross, Judah Ari. "In rare move, IDF admits Syria strike, expresses sorrow over Russian plane" . www.timesofisrael.com (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-25 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[5] "Syria shot down Russian military reconnaissance plane, admits Kremlin" . The Independent (???????????). 18 Sep 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-11-24 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[مولد_تلقائيا1-6] ? ^? "US to establish observation posts on Syria-Turkey border: Mattis" . Rudaw . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .

[7] "Israel will continue strikes in Syria despite S-300 missile system delivery: Minister" En . www.presstv.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-28 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ???? |script-title=: ????? ?????? ( help )

[8] "Syria's Assad Reaches 'Understanding' With Arab States" . VOA (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-02-16 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[9] 24NEWS. "Road to recovery: Syria opens two key crossings with Jordan, Israel" . i24NEWS (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-31 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[10] "Turkish forces shell northern Syria, Kurdish-led force responds" . Reuters (???????????). 31 Oct 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[11] Press, Suzan Fraser, The Associated Press, Bassem Mroue, The Associated (1 Nov 2018). "US, Turkey begin joint patrols around northern Syrian town of Manbij" . Military Times (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-02-27 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[12] Aboufadel, Leith (19 Nov 2018). "Daesh suffers devastating defeat as Syrian Army liberates entire Al-Safa region" . AMN - Al-Masdar News | ?????? ???? (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-31 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[13] Rempfer, Kyle (21 Nov 2018). "The US military is putting new observation posts in northern Syria" . Army Times (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-05 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[14] "Radio host who mocked Assad shot dead along with his colleague in Syria" . www.cbsnews.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .

[15] Aji, Albert (25 Nov 2018). "Syria accuses rebels of poison gas attack in Aleppo" . The Sydney Morning Herald (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-11-29 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[16] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20181220230404/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/the-latest-syrian-tv-21-injured-in-suspected-gas-attack/2018/11/24/fcb1a3fe-f029-11e8-8b47-bd0975fd6199_story.html?noredirect=on . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-20. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )

[17] "Syria regime and rebels swap prisoners, Turkey says" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-11-25.

[18] Kurdistan24. "Kurdistan 24 captures completion of first US observation post on Syria-Turkey border" . Kurdistan24 (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-31 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[19] Afp. "Syria coalition says it killed IS leader linked to beheadings" . www.thesundaily.my (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[20] "US-led coalition strikes Islamic State figure involved in killing American Peter Kassig" . USA TODAY (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[21] "FAA extends no-fly rule for US carriers over Damascus skies until December 2020" . TASS (????????). Archived from the original on 2018-12-09 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[22] "Syrian army demobilises some conscripted, reservist officers" . Reuters (???????????). 10 Dec 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[23] "Syrian Civilians Seize Oil Wells From Rebel Group" . OilPrice.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2018-12-11 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[24] "Farsnews" . en.farsnews.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .

[25] "Turkey to Launch Operation Against U.S.-Backed Kurds in Syria 'In a Few Days' / World News / US News" en . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-28 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ???? |script-title=: ????? ?????? ( ?????? )

[26] "U.S.-backed fighters in Syria capture last town held by ISIS" . NBC News (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-07 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[27] "??????: ????? "??????? ??? ???" ???? ??????? ???????" . RT Arabic . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .

[28] "Trump pulling all US troops from Syria, declaring IS defeat" . Associated Press (??????????? ?????????). 19 Dec 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-04-21 . Retrieved 2018-12-20 .

[29] "Erdo?an-Trump call resulted in US withdrawal from Syria: US official" . DailySabah . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-20 .

[مولد_تلقائيا2-30] ? ^? " "???" ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????" . ??? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-01-06 .

[31] "???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????" . ????? 24 / France 24 . 27 ?????? 2018. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-12-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-01-06 .

[32] "Syria's Assad authorizes Iraqi forces to strike IS in Syria" . Washington Post (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-04-11 . Retrieved 2019-01-06 .

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