?????? ????????

?????? ????????
( ??????????? : The Pit and the Pendulum )?
??????	????? ???? ??
?????	??????????
????? ?????	1842
????? ??????	??? ?????
	????? ????? - ?????

≪ ?????? ???????? ≫ ( ??????????? : The Pit and the Pendulum )? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1842 ?? ??????? ??????? ≪??????: ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? 1843≫. ^[1]^[2]^[3] ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????.

???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????.

????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.

???????? ????? ????????? [ ??? ]

?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? (????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????)? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? (1808-1814)? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? (1808-1813). ^[4]

??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 1826 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? 1820? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????????. ^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ "??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-13.
^ "??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? datos.bne.es" . datos.bne.es. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.
^ "??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? isfdb.org" . isfdb.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-18.
^ Llorente? Juan Antonio (1826). The history of the Inquisition of Spain. Abridged and translated by George B. Whittaker . Oxford University. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.
^ Roth? Cecil (1964). The Spanish Inquisition . W. W. Norton and Company. ?. 258 . ISBN : 0-393-00255-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.
^ Mannix? Daniel P. (2014). The History of Torture . eNet Press. ?. 76. ISBN : 1-61886-751-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.
^ Pavlac? Brian (2009). Witch Hunts in the Western World: Persecution and Punishment from the Inquisition through the Salem Trials . ABC-CLIO. ?. 152. ISBN : 0-313-34874-X . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.
^ Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z . New York: Checkmark Books, 2001. ( ???? 0-8160-4161-X ) p. 188-9
^ Google Books ???? ?????? 1 ???? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Internet Archive

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ????????

[1] "??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-13.

[2] "??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? datos.bne.es" . datos.bne.es. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.

[3] "??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? isfdb.org" . isfdb.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-18.

[Llorente-4] Llorente? Juan Antonio (1826). The history of the Inquisition of Spain. Abridged and translated by George B. Whittaker . Oxford University. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.

[Roth-5] Roth? Cecil (1964). The Spanish Inquisition . W. W. Norton and Company. ?. 258 . ISBN : 0-393-00255-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.

[Mannix-6] Mannix? Daniel P. (2014). The History of Torture . eNet Press. ?. 76. ISBN : 1-61886-751-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.

[Pavlac-7] Pavlac? Brian (2009). Witch Hunts in the Western World: Persecution and Punishment from the Inquisition through the Salem Trials . ABC-CLIO. ?. 152. ISBN : 0-313-34874-X . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-01.

[8] Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z . New York: Checkmark Books, 2001. ( ???? 0-8160-4161-X ) p. 188-9

[9] Google Books ???? ?????? 1 ???? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[10] Internet Archive

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

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