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????? ???????	2008
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????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ( ???????? : Независимая демократическая партия России; НДПР )? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 2008 ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? . ^[1] ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ^[2] ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ≪????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ≫ ????? ≪ ???????? ??? ??????≫? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????????. ^[3] ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? 2014 ?2016? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ "Михаил Горбачев и Александр Лебедев объединят независимых демократов" . lenta.ru . 29 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-01 .
^ Gray? Sadie (30 ?????? 2008). "Gorbachev launches political party with Russian billionaire" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-01 .
^ Sweeney? Conor (30 ?????? 2008). "Gorbachev to form new Russian party" . ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-01 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

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??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] "Михаил Горбачев и Александр Лебедев объединят независимых демократов" . lenta.ru . 29 ?????? 2008. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-01 .

[2] Gray? Sadie (30 ?????? 2008). "Gorbachev launches political party with Russian billionaire" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-04-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-01 .

[3] Sweeney? Conor (30 ?????? 2008). "Gorbachev to form new Russian party" . ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-01 .

[1]

[2]

[3]