?????? ??????? ?????????

?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? . ^[1] ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? . ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? (???????? ?????????) ??? ???? ??????? ??????? . ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? . ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? .

????? ?????? (1568-1827) [ ??? ]

??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? (1672-1676) ? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????????? (1665-1672). ^[2] ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? 1674. ^[3] ?? ??? 1679-1680? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? 13 ????? 1681? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? . ^[4]

??? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? (?????? ?????? ???????) ?? ??? 1686. ^[5] ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? 1687 ?1689 ?????? ???? (1695-1696). ^[6] ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? 1699? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 1700. ^[7]

??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1709? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? 20 ?????? 1710. ^[8]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???)? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? (1722-1723) ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? (1724) . ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????.

????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1732 ?1735 . ????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? 1722 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? . ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????. ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? (1733-1735) ? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? . ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 1726.

???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1736? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? . ?? ???? ?? ??? 1736? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?? 19 ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? (28 ??? ???) ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????. ^[9] ?? ????? ?? ??? 1637? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? . ??? ??? ???? (???? ??? ????? ????? 40 ??? ????) ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? . ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????????. ^[9]

???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1737 ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ^[10]

???? ?????? ?? [ ??? ]

	??? ?????	?????
1	????? ??????? ????????? (1568-1570)	?????? ?????
2	????? ??????? ????????? (1571?1574)	i. ???? ????? ??? (1571) (1571? ?????? ?????????? ??????) ii. ????? ????? (1572? ?????? ?????)
3	????? ??????? ????????? (1676 - 1681)	?????? ?????????? (?????? ??????????)
4	????? ??????? ????????? (1686-1700)	?????? ?????
5	????? ??????? ????????? (1710-1711)	?????? ??????????
6	????? ??????? ??????? (1735-1739)	??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
7	????? ??????? ??????? (1768?1774)	?????? ?????
8	????? ??????? ????????? (1787-1792)	?????? ?????
9	????? ??????? ????????? (1806-1812)	?????? ?????
10	????? ??????? ??????? (1828-1829)	?????? ?????
11	????? ??????? ????????? (1853-1856) ( ??? ????? )	?????? ???????? ? ? ????? ? ???? ? ???????????
12	????? ??????? ????????? (1877-1878)	?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????
13	????? ???????? ?????? : ?????? ????????? (1914?1918)	?????? ??????????????

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????? ???????

????? [ ??? ]

^ "??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? id.loc.gov" . id.loc.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.
^ Suraiya Faroqhi? Bruce McGowan? Sevket Pamuk (28 ????? 1997). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire . Cambridge University Press. ?. 428. ISBN : 978-0-521-57455-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.
^ Gabor Karman? Lovro Kun?evi? (20 ????? 2013). The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . BRILL. ?. 146. ISBN : 978-90-04-25440-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-11.
^ Sergei R. Grinevetsky? Igor S. Zonn? Sergei S. Zhiltsov (30 ?????? 2014). The Black Sea Encyclopedia . Springer. ?. 661. ISBN : 978-3-642-55227-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.
^ Brian Davies (16 ????? 2011). Empire and Military Revolution in Eastern Europe: Russia's Turkish Wars in the Eighteenth Century . A&C Black. ISBN : 978-1-4411-6238-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.
^ Jeremy Black (28 ???? 1996). The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792 . Cambridge University Press. ?. 36. ISBN : 978-0-521-47033-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-11-28.
^ Edward J. Phillips (1995). The Founding of Russia's Navy: Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet, 1688-1714 . Greenwood Publishing Group. ?. 113. ISBN : 978-0-313-29520-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.
^ Cathal J. Nolan (30 ????? 2008). Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization . ABC-CLIO. ?. 191. ISBN : 978-0-313-35920-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-11.
^ ^? ^? Charles W. Ingrao? Nikola Samard?i?? Jovan Pesalj (2011). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718 . Purdue University Press. ?. 136?138. ISBN : 978-1-55753-594-8 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.
^ "Nemirov Congress of 1737" . The Free Dictionary . Farlex, Inc. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-05-27 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ??????? ?????????

[1] "??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? id.loc.gov" . id.loc.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-11.

[FaroqhiMcGowan1997-2] Suraiya Faroqhi? Bruce McGowan? Sevket Pamuk (28 ????? 1997). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire . Cambridge University Press. ?. 428. ISBN : 978-0-521-57455-6 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.

[3] Gabor Karman? Lovro Kun?evi? (20 ????? 2013). The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries . BRILL. ?. 146. ISBN : 978-90-04-25440-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-11.

[4] Sergei R. Grinevetsky? Igor S. Zonn? Sergei S. Zhiltsov (30 ?????? 2014). The Black Sea Encyclopedia . Springer. ?. 661. ISBN : 978-3-642-55227-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.

[Davies-5] Brian Davies (16 ????? 2011). Empire and Military Revolution in Eastern Europe: Russia's Turkish Wars in the Eighteenth Century . A&C Black. ISBN : 978-1-4411-6238-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.

[6] Jeremy Black (28 ???? 1996). The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792 . Cambridge University Press. ?. 36. ISBN : 978-0-521-47033-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-11-28.

[7] Edward J. Phillips (1995). The Founding of Russia's Navy: Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet, 1688-1714 . Greenwood Publishing Group. ?. 113. ISBN : 978-0-313-29520-1 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.

[8] Cathal J. Nolan (30 ????? 2008). Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization . ABC-CLIO. ?. 191. ISBN : 978-0-313-35920-0 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-11.

[Ingrao-9] ? ^? Charles W. Ingrao? Nikola Samard?i?? Jovan Pesalj (2011). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718 . Purdue University Press. ?. 136?138. ISBN : 978-1-55753-594-8 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-05-29.

[10] "Nemirov Congress of 1737" . The Free Dictionary . Farlex, Inc. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-05-27 .

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