????? ????????? ??????????

????? ????????? ??????????
??? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????
	???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? 1918
??????? ????
???????	1 ?????? 1918 -17 ????? 1919
??????	??????? (?????? ??????)? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????
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????????? ????????? ??????? ; ????? ??????? ; ??????? ; ?????????????	??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ; ??????? ???????? ???????
??????
???? ?????????	????? ???????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? 1918 ??? 1919? ??? ≪????????? ????????? ???????≫ ??????? ?????????? (??????? ??? ?? ≪??????? ??? ???????? ???????≫ ?≪??????? ???????? ???????≫). ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ≪????≫ ?≪???????≫ ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??: ??????? ?????????? (???? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????????)? ???????? ???????? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ?? ???? 1848 ??? ?????????? -????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????????- ????? ??????? ????? (???????????: ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??≪???????????≫ ?? ≪??????????≫) ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? -??? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????- ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? (???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????). ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ≪???????≫ ????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? . ??? 1897 ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ???? 1901?1908 ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? 1903 ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? (?????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????). ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????.

?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????: ???????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? 1772. ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ≪????? ??????? ???????≫ ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? 65% ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? 22% ???. ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? 44 ????? ????????? ??? ???? (????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????: Lwow? ?? ????????? : Lemberg) ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ?? 1910 ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? 60%? ????? ??????????? 17%. ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????. ^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? (?????????). ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? . ^[10]^[11]^[12]

?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? (??????????) ?????? (???????????)? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? -?? ??? ??????- ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? 1916 ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????.

????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? (???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????)? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? (???? ???????) ?? 1918. ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? 18 ?????? 1918? ?????? ≪?????? ?????? ?????????≫ ??: ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? 31 ???????1 ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? 1,400 ???? ?60 ??????. ??? 13 ?????? 1918 ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???. ^[13]^[14]

??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ^[15]^[16]^[17]

????? [ ??? ]

^ C. M. Hann, P. R. Magocsi, Galicia: A Multicultured Land , 2005, University of Toronto Press , p. 14
^ Roman Szporluk. "The Making of Modern Ukraine: The Western Dimension" ???? ?????? 2011-03-25 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .. Harvard Ukrainian Studies XXV (1/2) 2001. pp. 64?65
^ H. V. Kas'ianov, A Laboratory of Transnational History: Ukraine and Recent Ukrainian Historiography , Central European University Press, 2009 , p. 199
^ P. R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its People . University of Toronto Press. 2010. p. 471.
^ S. Conrad. Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany . ????? ????? ???????? , 2010, p. 200
^ Magosci, R. (1996). A History of Ukraine . Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
^ Timothy Snyder. (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations . New Haven: Yale University Press , p. 123
^ Timothy Snyder, 2003, p. 134
^ November Uprising in Lviv, 1918 ???? ?????? August 14, 2015, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ P. R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its People . University of Toronto Press. 2010. p. 419.
^ R. Bideleux, I. Jeffries. A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change . Taylor & Francis . 2007. p. 182.
^ P. R. Magocsi, 1996, p. 429.
^ THE UKRAINIAN-POLISH WAR 1918-1919 by Nicholas Litvin. Dissertation for Doctor of History, National Library of Ukraine ???? ?????? 27 ???? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Timothy Snyder (2008). Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke . New York: Basic Books, p. 117
^ Magocsi, 1996, p. 518
^ I. Livezeanu. Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building, and Ethnic Struggle, 1918?1930 . Cornell University Press. 2000. p. 56
^ Orest Subtelny , Ukraine: A History , pp. 367?368, University of Toronto Press, 2000, ( ???? 0-8020-8390-0 ) ???? ?????? 4 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ????????? ??????????

[PRMagocsi-1] C. M. Hann, P. R. Magocsi, Galicia: A Multicultured Land , 2005, University of Toronto Press , p. 14

[Szporluk-2] Roman Szporluk. "The Making of Modern Ukraine: The Western Dimension" ???? ?????? 2011-03-25 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .. Harvard Ukrainian Studies XXV (1/2) 2001. pp. 64?65

[3] H. V. Kas'ianov, A Laboratory of Transnational History: Ukraine and Recent Ukrainian Historiography , Central European University Press, 2009 , p. 199

[4] P. R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its People . University of Toronto Press. 2010. p. 471.

[5] S. Conrad. Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany . ????? ????? ???????? , 2010, p. 200

[Magosci-6] Magosci, R. (1996). A History of Ukraine . Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

[7] Timothy Snyder. (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations . New Haven: Yale University Press , p. 123

[8] Timothy Snyder, 2003, p. 134

[9] November Uprising in Lviv, 1918 ???? ?????? August 14, 2015, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[10] P. R. Magocsi. A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its People . University of Toronto Press. 2010. p. 419.

[11] R. Bideleux, I. Jeffries. A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change . Taylor & Francis . 2007. p. 182.

[12] P. R. Magocsi, 1996, p. 429.

[13] THE UKRAINIAN-POLISH WAR 1918-1919 by Nicholas Litvin. Dissertation for Doctor of History, National Library of Ukraine ???? ?????? 27 ???? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[14] Timothy Snyder (2008). Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke . New York: Basic Books, p. 117

[15] Magocsi, 1996, p. 518

[16] I. Livezeanu. Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building, and Ethnic Struggle, 1918?1930 . Cornell University Press. 2000. p. 56

[Subtelny367-17] Orest Subtelny , Ukraine: A History , pp. 367?368, University of Toronto Press, 2000, ( ???? 0-8020-8390-0 ) ???? ?????? 4 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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