????? ????????? 1499-1504

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????? ????????? ??????? (1499-1504) ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????. ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? . ?? 1499 ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? . ^[2]

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???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ^[3] ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? (1494-1498). ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? 6 ????? 1495 ^[4] ? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ^{[
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]}

???? ???? ?????? ?? 7 ????? 1498 ^[5] ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? . ^[6] ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????. ^[5] ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ^[7] ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????. ^{[
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]}

?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? 1500? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? 11 ?????? 1500. ^[8]

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????. ^{[
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]}

??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??. ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ≪??????? ???????≫ ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1481 ^[9] ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? 1495. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? 1496. ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1495. ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ^{[
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]}

???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 11 ?????? ??? 1500 ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 25 ????? 1501. ^[10]

????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? 2 ????? 1501. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????. ^{[
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]}

????? [ ??? ]

^ ?????? ???? 1503 / ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????
^ ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????.
^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 (Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2012) p. 10.
^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 30.
^ ^? ^? Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 42-44.
^ Albert Guerard, France: A Modern History (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 1959) p. 128.
^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 52.
^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 58.
^ Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 8.
^ Marco Pellegrini, Le guerre d'Italia (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2009), pp. 63?5.

[1] ?????? ???? 1503 / ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????

[2] ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????.

[3] Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 (Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2012) p. 10.

[4] Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 30.

[Mallett42-44-5] ? ^? Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 42-44.

[6] Albert Guerard, France: A Modern History (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 1959) p. 128.

[7] Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 52.

[Mallett58-8] Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 58.

[9] Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars: 1494?1559 , p. 8.

[Pellegrini63-5-10] Marco Pellegrini, Le guerre d'Italia (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2009), pp. 63?5.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]