????? ??????

??????? ????
??? ???? ??	Ancient Roman priest (en)
????? ?????	pontifex maximus (??????????)
?????? ???? ?????	???? ???????
?????	???? ???????
?????? ???????	???????? ?????

????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ( ?????????? : Pontifex Maximus )? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? . ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? (???????) ??? ??? 254 ?.?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? (??????) ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????. ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? (??? ?? ??? 375 ??? 383?)? ^[1] ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????. ^[2]^[3]

??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ≪?????????≫ ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ^[4] ??? ???? ???? ????. ^[5] ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ^[6] ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Pontifex Maximus LacusCurtius retrieved August 15, 2006 ???? ?????? 2023-05-07 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Gratian." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Feb 3, 2008 < http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037772 >. ???? ?????? 2006-04-21 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Pontifex Maximus Livius.org article by Jona Lendering retrieved August 21, 2011 ???? ?????? 2013-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ "In the matter of hierarchical nomenclature, one of the most striking instances is the adoption of the term pontifex for a bishop" ( <193:MUOA>2.0.CO;2-B Paul Pascal: Medieval Uses of Antiquity in The Classical Journal, Vol. 61, No. 5 [Feb. 1966], pp. 193?197). ???? ?????? 2020-11-26 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Edictum Gratiani, Valentiani et Theodosii de fide catholica, 27 February 380; ???? ?????? 2012-02-08 ?? Wayback Machine cf. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000: "Pontiff: 1a. The pope. b. A bishop. 2. A pontifex." ???? ?????? 2009-01-09 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ?????? ??????? ?????? (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0 ), p. 23*

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ??????

[lacus-1] Pontifex Maximus LacusCurtius retrieved August 15, 2006 ???? ?????? 2023-05-07 ?? Wayback Machine

[2] "Gratian." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Feb 3, 2008 < http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037772 >. ???? ?????? 2006-04-21 ?? Wayback Machine

[livius-3] Pontifex Maximus Livius.org article by Jona Lendering retrieved August 21, 2011 ???? ?????? 2013-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[4] "In the matter of hierarchical nomenclature, one of the most striking instances is the adoption of the term pontifex for a bishop" ( <193:MUOA>2.0.CO;2-B Paul Pascal: Medieval Uses of Antiquity in The Classical Journal, Vol. 61, No. 5 [Feb. 1966], pp. 193?197). ???? ?????? 2020-11-26 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] Edictum Gratiani, Valentiani et Theodosii de fide catholica, 27 February 380; ???? ?????? 2012-02-08 ?? Wayback Machine cf. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000: "Pontiff: 1a. The pope. b. A bishop. 2. A pontifex." ???? ?????? 2009-01-09 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] ?????? ??????? ?????? (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0 ), p. 23*

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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