??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? . ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ≪??????? ???????≫ ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.

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????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? exposition ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ? ?????? (?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????) ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????.

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?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ( ??????? )? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????.

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???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ^[1] ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ) ????? ?????? ???????? "????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? "?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????." ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? .

????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ≪?????? ???? ????≫. ^[2]^[3] ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ^[4]

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ≪???????≫ ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ≪???? ????≫ ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????.

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??????????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 1890 ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? . ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? .
??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????.

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????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? P?rva M?m?s? (????????? ≪??????≫? ????? Karma-M?m??s? ) ??? ??? Uttara M?m?s? (????????? ≪??????≫? ????? Brahma-M?m?s? ) ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? . ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ≪??????≫ ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? (????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? (????? ??????).

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? (( ???????? : ?????) ? ≪?????≫? ≪?????≫) ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? . ^[5] ???? ??????? ?? mufassir (( ???????? : '?????)?' mufassir '? ?????: ( ???????? : ??????)? mufassir?n ).

?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ≪ ????? ≫. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ^[6] ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??	text interpretation (en) ? ??? ???
??????	?????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????? ??????

????? [ ??? ]

^ Elwell? Walter A. (1984). Evangelical Dictionary of Theology . Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House. ISBN : 978-0-8010-3413-8 .
^ Soulen? Richard N.? Soulen, R. Kendall (2001). Handbook of biblical criticism (?. 3rd ed., rev. and expanded.). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. ?. 78 . ISBN : 978-0-664-22314-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-12.
^ "Journal of Higher Criticism" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-12-17 .
^ Soulen? Richard N. (2001). Handbook of Biblical Criticism . John Knox. ?. 79 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-12.
^ "al-Baydawi's "Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil" with Frontispiece" . World Digital Library. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-02-28 .
^ Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project, The Teachings of the Qur'an ???? ?????? 2006-06-16 ?? Wayback Machine .

????:??? ??????? ??????? ????:?????? ????? ???????: ????????? ???????

[1] Elwell? Walter A. (1984). Evangelical Dictionary of Theology . Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House. ISBN : 978-0-8010-3413-8 .

[Handbook,_78-2] Soulen? Richard N.? Soulen, R. Kendall (2001). Handbook of biblical criticism (?. 3rd ed., rev. and expanded.). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. ?. 78 . ISBN : 978-0-664-22314-4 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-12.

[3] "Journal of Higher Criticism" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-12-17 .

[Handbook,_79-4] Soulen? Richard N. (2001). Handbook of Biblical Criticism . John Knox. ?. 79 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-12.

[WDL1-5] "al-Baydawi's "Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil" with Frontispiece" . World Digital Library. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-02-28 .

[6] Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project, The Teachings of the Qur'an ???? ?????? 2006-06-16 ?? Wayback Machine .

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