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?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 1998? [1] [2] ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? 2000? [3] ? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? DIALUP ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (???????? ?????? [4] ) ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? 2000? ???? 12,500 ?????? ???????? ? 50000 ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? [5] ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? 2003 ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2014? ? ???? ?????? iq ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. [6] [7] ? ????? ????? ????????? ??? 2020 ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? .

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  1. ^ ???? ????? (2014). ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? . ?????: ??? ????????? ????? ????????.
  2. ^ "Iraq A look behind bars" . web.archive.org . 18 ?????? 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  3. ^ "???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??????? ??? ?????" . web.archive.org . 11 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  4. ^ "URUKLINK ?????" . web.archive.org . 16 ?????? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2003-02-16 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  5. ^ "Login to mail.warkaa.net" . web.archive.org . 2 ????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2002-08-02 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  6. ^ Middle East Internet Statistics, Population, Facebook and Telecommunications Reports ???? ?????? 02 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  7. ^ ??????: ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ≪??????≫ ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ≪?????? ???????≫ ???? ?????? 16 ????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  8. ^ "????? - ????? ?????? - ???? ???????? ???????" . web.archive.org . 13 ????? 2004. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  9. ^ ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? 21 ?????? 2018. ???? ?????? 22 ?????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  10. ^ "?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? informatics and telecommunications public company" . web.archive.org . 2 ????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  11. ^ "????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ? Etejah Press" . web.archive.org . 23 ?????? 2018. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  12. ^ "????? ????????? ????????" . web.archive.org . 11 ?????? 2019. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
أيقونة بذرة

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