?????? ??? ?????????

?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? . ???? ??????? ???? ??10 ??????? ??? 400 ???????? ??????? ???? ?? 3 ??? 124 ??????? ???? .

????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? . ???? ?? ???? ????? (?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ) ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? . ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.

???????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? 1801 ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ( ?????????? : Johann Wilhelm Ritter ) ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? -???? ?? ????? ????? ??????-? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ≪?????? ????????≫ ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ≪?????? ??????≫ ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ≪?????? ??????????≫ ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? . ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. ^[1] ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 200 ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? 1893. ^[2]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? (Ultra Violet). ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

????? ?????? ??? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? (ISO-DIS-21348) ?? ????? ????????? ???????: ^[3]

??? ??????	?????	??? ?????? ????????	???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????	UVA	400 ?.??320 ?.?	3.10?3.94 eV
?????? ???????	NUV	400 ?.??300 ?.?	3.10?4.13 eV
?????? ???????? ?? ???? B	UVB	320 ?.??280 ?.?	3.94?4.43 eV
Middle	MUV	300 ?.??200 ?.?	4.13?6.20 eV
?????? ??????? ?? ???? C	UVC	280 ?.??100 ?.?	4.43?12.4 eV
Far	FUV	200 ?.??122 ?.?	6.20?10.2 eV
?????? Vacuum	VUV	200 ?.??10 ?.?	6.20?124 eV
???? Extreme	EUV	121 ?.??10 ?.?	10.2?124 eV

?????? ??????? ??????? (photolithography) ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? (DUV ?? Deep UV) ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 300 ? ?. ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 150?200 ? ? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? (???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? )? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ≪???? ??? ??????? ?????≫ ( ??????????? : UV light )?. ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? 400 ???????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ≪??? ???? ?? ????≫ ?? "blacklight blue" ?? ???????? "BLB" ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ("bug zapper" blacklight "BL") ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? 368 ??? 371 ?.? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????? (SrB4O7F:Eu2+) ?? ????? ??????????? (SrB4O7:Eu2+) ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? 350 ??? 353 ?.? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (BaSi2O5:Pb+). ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? 365 ?.?.

???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? "UVA". ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? UVB ?UVC? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? DNA ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? . ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? (??? ?? 0.1% ?? ?????? ???????) ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????. ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? (???? ?? ????? ) ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???. ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????.

??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ( Black Light ) ?? BL ??? ???????? ???????.

????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? .

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 99% ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? UVA . (????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ).

?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? . ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 90% ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 350 ???????? ???? ???? ????? 90% ?? ????? ???? ??? ??300 ? ?. ^[4]^[5]^[6]

?????? ???????? ???? ?? 200 ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? 200 ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 150-200 ? ?. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? 200 ? ?. ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? (circular dichroism spectrometer) ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.

Extreme UV ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? : ??????? ???? ???? ?? 30 ? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? (???? ??????? ???????)? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? EUV/XUV ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ( He ⁺) ??? ????? 30.4 ? ?. ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? 50% ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? .

????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ( UVB ) ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? . ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? . ^[7] ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? (?? ?????? ??? ??????)? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ^[8]
???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ( UVB ) ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[8]

????????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? (UVB) ???? ??? ???????? ??. ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? (????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ) ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???. ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????. ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ( UVA ). ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????.

??????? ???? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ( UVA ) ?? ????? ????????? ??????? psoralens ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? (PUVA treatment). ??? ???????? ( UVB ) ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.

???? ??????? ???? ?????? [ ??? ]

{????? ?????? ???? ????? }

?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? (UVB) ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ^[9] ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? (???? ??? ????? ???????)? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? 92% ?? ??? ??????????. ^[10]

????? UVC ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

??????? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

≪?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? . ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? . ≫ ? Matsumura and Ananthaswamy? 2004 ^[11]

?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? UVA ???????? UVB ??????? UVC ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? . ?????? ??????? UVA ????????? UVB ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? . ^[12]

???? ??????? ??????? UVA ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? DNA. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (sunscreen) ????? ?? ???????? ??????? UVB ????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????. ^[13]

??? ?????? ???????? UVB ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? UVA ? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? . ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? "AA" ???? ???????? ??????? "CC"? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? DNA ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? . ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? UVA (??? ??? ?????) ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? UVB ???? ????? ????. ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? UVB ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? UVA ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? UVA ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? (Phlebodium aureum).

????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ???????? UVB ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? UVC ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? (??? ??? ????????? ) ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? UVA ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? (??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????.

??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????.

?????? ??????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ? (??????? ??????) ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? UVA ? UVB ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? .

??????? ?????? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????

????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? UVA ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ( ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????) ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (?????? ???????? ???????) Hologram ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? - ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? - ??????? ????????.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???.

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???????? ?????????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? Green Fluorescent Protein GFP ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????.

???? ????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? PUVA ? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? .

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Hockberger? P. E. (2002)? "A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans, animals and microorganisms" ? Photochem. Photobiol. ? ?. 76? ?. 561?579? DOI : 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0561:AHOUPF>2.0.CO;2 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-10-26
^ Lyman? T. (1914)? "Victor Schumann" ? Astrophysical Journal ? ?. 38? ?. 1?4? DOI : 10.1086/142050 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-05
^ "ISO 21348 Process for Determining Solar Irradiances" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-01.
^ "Soda Lime Glass Transmission Curve" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-03-19.
^ "B270-Superwite Glass Transmission Curve" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-09.
^ "Selected Float Glass Transmission Curve" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-10-19.
^ Grant, W. B. (2002). "An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation" . Cancer Volume 94, Issue 6, pp. 1867-1875. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-20. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
^ ^? ^? The Science of Sun Protection , Talk of the Nation Science Friday, 24 June 2005. Vitamin D pills recommended over sun exposure, but most people in Australia and Canada get enough Vitamin D by incidental exposure, studies show. ???? ?????? 24 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Health effects of UV radiation" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-05-27.
^ Davies H.; Bignell G. R.; Cox C.; (6 - 2002). "Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer" . Nature . ?. 417: 949?954. DOI : 10.1038/nature00766 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-10. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link ) ????? ?????????: ?????? ????? ????? ( link )
^ Matsumu? Y.? Ananthaswamy? H. N. (2004)? "Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin" ? Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ? ?. 195? ?. 298?308? DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-05-12
^ Torma? H? Berne? B? Vahlquist? A (1988)? "UV irradiation and topical vitamin A modulate retinol esterification in hairless mouse epidermis" ? Acta Derm. Venereol. ? ?. 68? ?. 291--299? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-09-10
^ Autier P; Dore J F; Schifflers E? ?????? (1995). "Melanoma and use of sunscreens: An EORTC case control study in Germany, Belgium and France". Int. J. Cancer . ?. 61: 749?755. DOI : 10.1002/ijc.2910610602 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ??? ?????????

[hockberger-1] Hockberger? P. E. (2002)? "A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans, animals and microorganisms" ? Photochem. Photobiol. ? ?. 76? ?. 561?579? DOI : 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0561:AHOUPF>2.0.CO;2 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-10-26

[Lyman-2] Lyman? T. (1914)? "Victor Schumann" ? Astrophysical Journal ? ?. 38? ?. 1?4? DOI : 10.1086/142050 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-05

[3] "ISO 21348 Process for Determining Solar Irradiances" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-10-01.

[4] "Soda Lime Glass Transmission Curve" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2011-03-19.

[5] "B270-Superwite Glass Transmission Curve" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-09.

[6] "Selected Float Glass Transmission Curve" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-10-19.

[7] Grant, W. B. (2002). "An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation" . Cancer Volume 94, Issue 6, pp. 1867-1875. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-20. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????????? ?????? ????? ???? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )

[NPR-8] ? ^? The Science of Sun Protection , Talk of the Nation Science Friday, 24 June 2005. Vitamin D pills recommended over sun exposure, but most people in Australia and Canada get enough Vitamin D by incidental exposure, studies show. ???? ?????? 24 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[9] "Health effects of UV radiation" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-05-27.

[Davies-10] Davies H.; Bignell G. R.; Cox C.; (6 - 2002). "Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer" . Nature . ?. 417: 949?954. DOI : 10.1038/nature00766 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-10. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link ) ????? ?????????: ?????? ????? ????? ( link )

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? ? ? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????
UVA : 400?315 nm UVB : 315?290 nm ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???
??????? UVA	Avobenzone (Parsol 1789) Bisdisulizole disodium (Neo Heliopan AP) Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (Uvinul A Plus) Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX) Menthyl anthranilate
??????? UVB	Amiloxate ???? Cinoxate Ethylhexyl triazone (Uvinul T 150) ????????? 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene) Octyl methoxycinnamate (Octinoxate) Octyl salicylate (Octisalate) Padimate O (Escalol 507) Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (Ensulizole) Polysilicone-15 (Parsol SLX) Trolamine salicylate
??????? UVA+UVB	Bemotrizinol (Tinosorb S) Benzophenones 1?12 ???????????? Drometrizole trisiloxane (Mexoryl XL) Iscotrizinol (Uvasorb HEB) Octocrylene Oxybenzone (Eusolex 4360) ??????????? ????? (????????/ ????????) : Bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M / Eversorb M) ???????? : ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????