?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
??? ???????
[1]
??
??????? ???????
??
????? ??????
(
???????????
:
Deontological ethics
)? (?? ???????
????????
deon
? ????? ≪?????? ?????≫ ????????
-logy|-logia
????? ???) ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????.
[2]
?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ≪????≫ ?? ≪??????≫ ?? ≪?????≫? ??? ??????? ≪???? ?? ????? ????≫.
[3]
????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? (consequentialism).
[4]
?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
?????????? ???????????
. ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???: ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
[5]
??? ????? ?????? ???????
[
???
]
?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????
????? ????
?????? ???????
(Thomas Scanlon)
????? ???????
(Roger Scruton)
???????? ???
(Frances Kamm).
???? ≪???? ????? ??????? ??≫ ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? (Kant).
[6]
????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ≪???≫ ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ≪???≫ ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???
?????
?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ≪???≫ ?? ≪???? ????? ??????? ??≫ ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????.
??? ??? 2007? ???? ≪???≫ ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ≪???? ????? ??????? ??≫? ??? ≪???? ??????? ?????????≫.
[7]
???? ≪???? ????? ??????? ??≫? ??? ≪???? ??????? ?????????≫ ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.
??? ??????
[
???
]
??? ??? ??????? ?????? ≪????? ??????≫ ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? (C. D. Broad) ?? ??????
???? ????? ?????? ???????
(Five Types of Ethical Theory)? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1930.
[8]
???????
[
???
]
- ^
???? ????????
?
???? ????????
(2008).
?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ????
(???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????:
??? ????? ????????
. ?. 330.
ISBN
:
978-9953-63-541-5
.
OCLC
:
405515532
.
OL
:
50197876M
.
QID
:
Q112315598
.
- ^
"Ethics-virtue", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
???? ??????
2018-09-23 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
Waller, Bruce N. 2005.
Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues
. New York: Pearson Longman: 23.
- ^
Flew, Antony
?????? ???
. 1979. "Consequentialism". In
A Dictionary of Philosophy
, (2nd Ed.). New York: St Martins: 73.
- ^
"????? ?????? - ???? ????? ???? (?????? ???????? ???????)"
.
???? ????
. 30 ?????? 2020. ????? ??
?????
?? 2021-02-17
. ???? ???? ??????
2021-03-30
.
- ^
Kamm, F. M. 1996.
Morality, Mortality Vol. II: Rights, Duties, and Status
. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^
Kamm, F. M. 2007. 'Chapter 5: Toward the Essence of Nonconsequentialist Constraints on Harming.'. In
Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm
. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-518969-8
.
- ^
Beauchamp, Tom L. 1991
Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy
, 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill: 171.
?????
[
???
]
- Beauchamp, Tom L. 1991.
Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy
, 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Broad, C. D. 1930.
Five Types of Ethical Theory
. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.
- Flew, Antony. 1979. 'Consequentialism'. In
A Dictionary of Philosophy
, (2nd Ed.). New York: St Martins.
- Kamm, F. M. 1996.
Morality, Mortality Vol. II: Rights, Duties, and Status
. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Kamm, F. M. 2007.
Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm
. New York: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-518969-8
.
- Kant, Immanuel
(1964).
Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
. Harper and Row Publishers, Inc.
ISBN
:
0-06-131159-6
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2022-06-28.
- Olson, Robert G. 1967. 'Deontological Ethics'. Paul Edwards (ed.)
The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
. London: Collier Macmillan.
- Ross, W. D. 1930.
The Right and the Good
. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Salzmann, Todd A. 1995.
Deontology and Teleology: An Investigation of the Normative Debate in Roman Catholic Moral Theology
. University Press.
- Waller, Bruce N. 2005.
Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues
. New York: Pearson Longman.
- Wierenga, Edward. 1983. 'A Defensible Divine Command Theory'.
Nous
, 17 (3): 387-407. Dumaguete city.
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