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?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ( ??????????? : The Founding Fathers of the European Union )? ( ????????? : Peres fondateurs de l'Union europeenne )? ( ?????????? : I padri fondatori dell'Unione Europea )? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? . ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????: ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? . ^[1]

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??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????: ^[2]

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?????? ???????	??????? ???????	???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? 1949 ? 1963. ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? 1963 ??? ???????.
????? ???	?????????	????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? . ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? 1955 ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? 1958.
????? ???	??????	???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? 1955.
?????? ?????	??????? ???????	??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? "???????? ??????? ?????????"? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? .
??????? ?? ???????	???????	???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????.
????? ????????	??????? ???????	??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? .
???? ???????	??????	??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? 1944 ? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? .
??? ????	?????	??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? 1950? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????.
????? ?????	?????	????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? 1948 ? 1952? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? 1950 (????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ) ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? . ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????. ^[3]
??? ???? ????	??????	???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1944 ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? 1957 ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? .
??????? ???????	???????	??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 1941. ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? 1984? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? .

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^ Lala? R. M. (1 ????? 2011). In Search of Ethical Leadership . Vision Books. ISBN : 9788170949695 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-04-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-17 – ??? Google Books.
^ "The Founding Fathers of the EU" [?????? ???????? ??????? ????????] (???????????). ??????? ???????? . Archived from the original on 29 ?????? / ????? 2016 . Retrieved 29 ???? / ???? 2013 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= and |????? ?????= ( help )
^ "Robert Schuman: the architect of the European integration project" [????? ?????: ????? ????? ??????? ????????] (PDF) (???????????). ??????? ???????? . 26 ????? ?????? / ?????? 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-09. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( help )

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] Lala? R. M. (1 ????? 2011). In Search of Ethical Leadership . Vision Books. ISBN : 9788170949695 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-04-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-17 – ??? Google Books.

[2] "The Founding Fathers of the EU" [?????? ???????? ??????? ????????] (???????????). ??????? ???????? . Archived from the original on 29 ?????? / ????? 2016 . Retrieved 29 ???? / ???? 2013 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= and |????? ?????= ( help )

[3] "Robert Schuman: the architect of the European integration project" [????? ?????: ????? ????? ??????? ????????] (PDF) (???????????). ??????? ???????? . 26 ????? ?????? / ?????? 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-09. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= ( help )

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