한국   대만   중국   일본 
?????? ??? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

?????? ???

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
?????? ???
???
??????
???
????
??? ?????
??? 50 ???? ??? ?????
????? ???????
????????
??????????
?????? ????????
11.84 ??????? ???? (2023/2024) [1]
??? ?????? ????????
4.2% (2023-2024) [2]
???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????
▼ $4088.90 ( PPP ) (2023 est.) [3]
?????? ???????? ??? ????????
????????? 16,8%? ???????? 12%? ????? ?????? 11.9%? ???????? ??????? 6%? ???????? ?????? 5.2%? ?????? ??????? 5.1%? ???????? 4.1%.(2023) [4]
?????? ????????? ( CPI )
39.7% (?? ?????? 2023) [5]
??? ??????
??? ?? ?????
33.3% (2023) [6]
????? ????
31.9 (2023) [7]
????? ???????
30.9 ????? (2023) [8]
???????
7.1 (2023) [9]
??????? ?????????
????????
7.2 ?????
??? ????????
????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
????? ???????
????????
58.76 ?????
??? ????????
?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????
????? ?????????
?????? 10.7?? ????? 9.1?? ??????? 6.3?????????? 5.1?? ??????? 4.7?? ????? 4.4?? 4.3? ???????? (2023)
??????? ??????
?????? ?????????
????????? ????? ???????
35 ????? ?????
????? ?????
95.6? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????
????? ??????? ????????
165.361 ????? ????? [10]

????? - ????? ????? - ????? ???? ?????? حول القالب

????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? . ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????. [12] ??? ???? ????? 1952 . ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????. [13]

????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? . ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2004 ??? ??? 2008 ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 2011? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? . ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????.

?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 50? ?? ???? 2011 ?2012 ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??4.8 ????? ????? [14] ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 20 ????. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 2013 ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? 254 ????? ????? ???? 2015 ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2016 ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? 8.8???? ??? 13 ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? 13.5????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? 2017 ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? 12 ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016 ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? 2.750????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?55.7????? ????? ??? ?? ???? 34 ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? 6.5????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016 ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? 10 ??????? ????? ??? 2017? [15]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????????
???? ??? ????
????? ???? ???????????

??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? 4% - 5% ???? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????:

  • ????????? ??????: 1952-2012
    • ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? 1952 ?1960? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1954? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 1956.
    • ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? 3.8% ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? .
    • ?? ??? ???? 1967?1973 ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? .??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. [16]
    • ???????? ????????? (1974-1981) ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 9.8 % ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????.
    • ?????? ?? (1982- 1990) ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????.
    • ?????? (1991-2002) ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????.

????? ????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????: ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (????????)? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? . [17] ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 2.7 70% ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?30% ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? . [18]

???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? 1981 ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???

?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ????? ?????? 1968/1969???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??:-

  • ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
  • ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????.
  • ?????? ?????? ????? ???? / ?????? ????? ????? / ?????? ????? ???????.

?????? ?? ??? 1976 ????? ????????? ??????:-

  • ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? / ?????? ????? ?????? / ??????? ???????.
  • ?????? ???????: ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????.
  • ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????.
  • ?????? ????? ???????.
  • ?????? ??????? ??????.

????????? ?? ??? 1980 ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???: -

  • ???????? ???????? ???????? (?????? ??????? ??????)
  • ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? (?????? ????????)
  • ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????
  • ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? (?????? ????? ????????) ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????.

??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????.

?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????: -

  1. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? (???? 13)? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????
  2. ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? (??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???)
  3. ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? (???? ???????? ??????) ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????
  4. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.


? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? 2014/2013 ????? 497.1 ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? 692.4 ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? 195.3

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?? ??? ???? .

??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 2009.
????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? 2007 ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? 2096 ????? ????.

?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??:-

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 41 ??? ??? ?22 ??? ??? ??? 2010 ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?30 ??????? ??? ???? ??5.5????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 2017 ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????:

  • ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? 27 ????? ??? ???? ????? 21 ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? 15 ????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? 60 ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
  • ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????:-

  1. ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? 2010? 3.1 ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 2011? ????? 3.93 ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????: ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? 14 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 1974? 2.7 ????? ?? ?? ????? 24% ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????.??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 2005? ?? 71 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 21 ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 7.5 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? 1964 ??? 53 ????? ??.????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? 40 ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? 25 ????? ??? ???????? ????? 15 ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? 7 ?????? ??.????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? 120 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? 50% ??? ??? ??? 1955? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 2007 ??11.31 ????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? (2000 ? 5000 ??).
  2. ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? 1.6 ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? 14% ????? ?????? 2%? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? 160 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? 850 ??? ?? ?????? ??? 700 ?? ?????.
  3. ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? 3 ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 2009? 60 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? 2010 ????? 911 ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? 3 ?????? ????? ?? ???? 2005 ??? 13 ????? ???? ??? 2010(15)? ???? ??? ?? ??????? 38 ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? 2012 ??75.6 ??.

??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? 4.2 ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? 10 ?? ??? 2010? ????? ?? ?????? 4500 ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????.

??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????.

  1. ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? 1000 ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? 2006? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????.

??????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 30 ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 2007? 24.73 ????? ???? ????.

  1. ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 2007 ????? 8.59 ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? 2006 ???? ???? ???? ???????? 12.70 ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? 2006 ???? 927 ??? ???? ?????? ??? 2007 ????? 327 ??? ????.
  2. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????.
  3. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? 2023 ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 1.5?. ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????. [19]

???? 25 ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ???? 25 ?????

????? 30 ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? 12 ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????. [20] ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? 3 ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? 5 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? 4 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????.

? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??12 ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???????.
??? ??? ??? ???? ??? 4 ???? ????? ????? ??? 5 ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???.
? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? 5 ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????.

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???

?????? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????: ??????? ?? ??? ???????
???? ?????: ??????? ?? ???

?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ??????? ?? ???

??????? ??????????????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ??????? ?? ???
??????? ???????: ????? ??????? ?? ???
??????? ???????: ??????? ?? ???

???? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? . [21]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ??????? ?? ???

?????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ?????? ?? ???

?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (???????????: Bank of Egypt) ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1911 ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ( ????? ?????? ?????? ) ?? ??? ????? ?? 24% ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? 60% ?? ??? ????? ???????. [22] ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? 100 ????? ???? ?????? 2012 ??? ???? 7.2% ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 1.3 ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? 80 ????? ???? ????? 7.6%? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? 70 ????? ???? ????? 7.1% ???? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? 212 ???? ?? ?????? 4 ???? ??? ?? ?????? 2012 ??? ???? ??? 8.8%. [23] ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? 39 ??? ???? ???? 2558 (2011). [24] ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? 3.5% ?????? ?? 12.8% ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? 4.2% ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? 0.19% ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 54% ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????(86%) ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????(71%). [25]

???? ????? "???? ??????" ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? "B-" ?? "B"? ????? ???????? ??????. [26]

???? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????
??????? ???????: ????????? ?? ???

????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 1854 ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? 1881 ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? 1996? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? . ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 150 ????? ????? ???? ??? 2005 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? 2310 ???? ??? ????? ??? 2007 ?????? ?? 266 ???? ??? 1999? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? 18561.7 ????? ???? ?????? ??? 2007.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????
??????? ???????: ????? ?? ???

???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? 26 ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? [27]


???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????????.???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? 9 ????? ???????? ????? ?????? 224 ?????? ??? ????? ???? 12% ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? 200 ??? ???? ???. [28] [29] ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???: ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

???????? ??????????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

???????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? (?????? ??????? ???????? ????????) [30]
????? 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
?????? 218,888,324,504 236,001,858,960 279,372,758,361 288,586,231,501 305,529,656,458 332,698,041,030 332,927,833,278 235,369,129,337 250,894,760,351

???? ????? ???? ??????? (????? ??????) [ ??? ]

????? 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
?????? 106 94 110 109 131 122 120 114
?? ?????? [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] 183 ???? [37] 183 ???? [38] 183 ???? [39] 185 ???? [40] [41] [42] 189 ???? [43] 190 ???? [44] 190 ???? [45] 190 ???? [46]

??????: ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? 14 ?????? 2021 ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 2018 ?2020. [47] [48] [49]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? 2019? ????? 60% ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 30% ??? 2015? ???????? ?? 24.3% ??? 2010? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? 7% ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 66% ?? ??? ??????? ?????? . ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???. [50] ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? 21 ???? ?? ??? 2019/2020 ????? ????? 3%

???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 8% ?? ????? ?????? ?? 2019? ????? 8.9% ??? 2018. [51]

???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???????? [ ??? ]

???????? [ ??? ]

???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ?? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? 2019 ???? 1.3 ????? ????? ????? ???? 5.0% ????? ??? 26.8 ????? ????? (????? ??? 25.5 ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? 2018) [52]

????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "11.84 ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? 23/2024" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  2. ^ "????? ????????? ???? 2023/2024" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  3. ^ "???? ?????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  4. ^ "?????? ???????? ??? ????????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  5. ^ "?????? ?????????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  6. ^ "????? ???????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  7. ^ "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  8. ^ "??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 7% ???? ????? ?????? ?? 2023??? ????? ???????: 28.8 ????? ????? ????? ?????? 1.4% ??? ????? ????? ????? 1.3% ???? ??? 30.9 ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  9. ^ "????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  10. ^ "?????? ????? ???????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-14 .
  11. ^ " ????? ?????? ????? ?????? " . ????? ?????? . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-05-01 .
  12. ^ ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? 2023-11-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "≪??????? ???????≫: 7.4% ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 2021 | ?????? ?????" . www.almasryalyoum.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-06-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-06-30 .
  14. ^ ????? ????? ?????? -???? ???? ??? 12/446 / 20 ?????? 2012 ???? ?????? 2016-09-16 ?? Wayback Machine
  15. ^ A. M. Said (1976). ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? . ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-07-16.
  16. ^ ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????67 ???????73 - ??? - ???? ????? ?????? ?????? /2008 [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2017-11-28 ?? Wayback Machine
  17. ^ ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ???????? ??????/??????? ?????? -????? ???? 5/2/2012 ???? ?????? 2016-09-19 ?? Wayback Machine
  18. ^ ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? - ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? 2016-03-05 ?? Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "Egyptians offered loans to buy books as inflation soars" . BBC . 25 ????? 2023. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-25 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-01-25 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? )
  20. ^ [??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? https://www.skynewsarabia.com/business/487589-???-???? ?-??????-??? ??-???-????? ?-??????-???%D9%] ???? ?????? 2020-04-08 ?? Wayback Machine
  21. ^ ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? 2015-02-18 ?? Wayback Machine
  22. ^ ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????.. ??? ???? / ??????? ????????? 13-11-2012 [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2014-03-24 ?? Wayback Machine
  23. ^ ???????: ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? - ????? ?? ??????? -???? ???? -????? ???? 5-2-2013 ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine
  24. ^ "???????" ????: ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? - ????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2014-01-06 ?? Wayback Machine
  25. ^ ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????(2) ?????? ???????.. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? - ??????? ???? ?????? 2013-01-01 ?? Wayback Machine
  26. ^ ???????? ?????? ????? ?? (3 ?????? 2023). " "????" ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? "B-" " . ?????? ????? ?? ??????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-11-04 .
  27. ^ "?????.. ????????? ?????? - ????? ???" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-08. {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? "?????" ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ???? "?????" ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  28. ^ ???? ????????? ?? ????:?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? 12% ?? ?????? ???????? - ???? ??? ????? ?????? 13.12.2012 ???? ?????? 2016-04-07 ?? Wayback Machine
  29. ^ "????:??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? - ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-08. {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? "?????" ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ???? "?????" ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
  30. ^ ????? ?????? - GDP Egypt ???? ?????? 2020-02-22 ?? Wayback Machine
  31. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2004 ???? ?????? 2022-12-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  32. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2005 ???? ?????? 2022-12-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  33. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2006 ???? ?????? 2022-11-28 ?? Wayback Machine
  34. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2007 ???? ?????? 2022-12-09 ?? Wayback Machine
  35. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2008 ???? ?????? 2022-12-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  36. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2009 ???? ?????? 2022-12-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  37. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2010 (page 4) ???? ?????? 2022-12-09 ?? Wayback Machine
  38. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2011 (page 4) ???? ?????? 2022-12-09 ?? Wayback Machine
  39. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2012 (page 6) ???? ?????? 2022-12-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  40. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2013 (page 3) ???? ?????? 2022-12-09 ?? Wayback Machine
  41. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2014 ???? ?????? 2022-12-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  42. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2015 ???? ?????? 2022-12-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  43. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2016 (page 5) ???? ?????? 2022-12-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  44. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2017 (page 7) ???? ?????? 2022-12-10 ?? Wayback Machine
  45. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2018 (page 4) ???? ?????? 2022-12-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  46. ^ The World Bank - Doing business 2019 (page 5) ???? ?????? 2022-12-11 ?? Wayback Machine
  47. ^ "World Bank Group to Discontinue Doing Business Report" . World Bank (???????????). Archived from the original on 2022-11-05 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 .
  48. ^ Zumbrun, Josh (16 Sep 2021). "World Bank Cancels Flagship 'Doing Business' Report After Investigation" . Wall Street Journal (??????????? ?????????). ISSN : 0099-9660 . Archived from the original on 2022-11-24 . Retrieved 2021-09-16 .
  49. ^ Machen? Ronald? Jones? Matthew? Varghese? George? Stark? Emily (15 ?????? 2021). "Investigation of Data Irregularities in Doing Business" (PDF) . ????? ?????? . ????? (PDF) ?? ????? ?? 2021-09-16.
  50. ^ "?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????" . World Bank . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-06-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-05-23 .
  51. ^ ??????? (15 ?????? 2020). "????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? 8%" . ??????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-09-07 .
  52. ^ "?? ????? ??????.. 26.8 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? 2019" . ????? ?????? . 19 ???? 2020. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-06-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-07-25 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????_???&oldid=66598477 ≫