??????? ????

??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ^[1] ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? . ^[2]^[3]^[4] ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????

????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? (??? ?????? ????????) ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? .
?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? (? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? positive electron) ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????? . ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? (?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????)? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????.

?????? β? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? W? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? (???? ???? ????) ????? ???????? ????????.

\mathrm {n} ^{0}\to \mathrm {p} ^{+}+\mathrm {e} ^{-}+{\overline {\nu }}_{e}

????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????-?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? (???? ????????- ?????????).

?? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? 1980? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? u,d,d. ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? u,d,u. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? d ??? ????? ?? ??? u ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????????-?????????? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????.
?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? 15 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? . ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????.
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? (?????? ????) ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? (?????? ???? ??????? ??????)? ????? ??? ?? ?????:

???? β+ [ ??? ]

??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????-????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? W?. ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? (e+) ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? (???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? E=mc ²). ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????-??????? :

$\mathrm {p} ^{+}+energy\to \mathrm {n} ^{0}+\mathrm {e} ^{+}+\ {\nu }_{e}$

?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????-????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????.

?????? K [ ??? ]

K ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????????????? . ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? K??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? K ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? K. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? eV ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ??????? K? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? L? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? L.

???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? (CNO) [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? :

???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????-12 (C-12) ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? H-1 ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? N-13. ????? ??? ??????????-13 ??? ???????-13 ?????? ???????? ???????? (???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????). ?? ???? ???????-13 ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? H-1 (??? ???? ?????) ?????? ??? ????????-14 ?? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ??????????-14 ??????? H-1 ??????? ??? ????? ??????-15 ????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????-15 (O-15) ??? ????????-15 ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????????-15 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? H-1 ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? He-4 ??????-13.

????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^
^ "WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes, Copper 64" . LBNL Isotopes Project . Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-12-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-18 .
^ Kenneth S. Krane (5 ?????? 1987). Introductory Nuclear Physics . Wiley. ISBN : 978-0-471-80553-3 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-12-02.
^ An Overview Of Neutron Decay J. Byrne in Quark-Mixing, CKM Unitarity (H. Abele and D. Mund, 2002), see p.XV ???? ?????? 2017-09-19 ?? Wayback Machine

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????? ????

[1] ^

[2] "WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes, Copper 64" . LBNL Isotopes Project . Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-12-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-09-18 .

[3] Kenneth S. Krane (5 ?????? 1987). Introductory Nuclear Physics . Wiley. ISBN : 978-0-471-80553-3 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-12-02.

[4] An Overview Of Neutron Decay J. Byrne in Quark-Mixing, CKM Unitarity (H. Abele and D. Mund, 2002), see p.XV ???? ?????? 2017-09-19 ?? Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

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