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?????? 18 ???? 1938. ????? ?????? ??? 27 ?? ????? ??? 1917? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ≪??????≫? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
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[1]
?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? 18 ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????.
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?? 16 ????? 1935? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? 40 ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? 65 ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? 14 ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????.
[2]
?? 3 ?????? 1937? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 17 ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?? 28 ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.
??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? 9 ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? 55 ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? 26 ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????.
[3]
??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 2 ??????. ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? (??? ?????? ?? ????????) ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1928? ??? ????: ≪???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????≫. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? 1.96 ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? 3.19 ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????.
[4]
?? 8 ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? 18 ?????? 1937? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ≪??? ???? ????? ???? ???????≫ ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? 26 ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 2 ????? 1938 ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????.
?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 1 ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? 7 ???? ???? ????? 26 ????? ????.
?? ??? 1935? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????.
?? 27 ?????? 1935? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? 29 ????? 1936? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ?? 20 ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????.
???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 28 ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? 12 ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????. ????
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??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? 3 ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????.
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??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? 8 ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? 24 ???? ???????? ??? ???.
?? 18 ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? 26 ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? 26 ????? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ≪?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????≫? ????? ?????? ≪???? ???? ?????????≫. ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ≪????≫? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????: ≪????? ??? ???????!≫
[5]
????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
???????
[
???
]
- ^
Jonathan C. Brown, "Petrolem: Pre-1938" in
Encyclopedia of Mexico
, p. 1082. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
- ^
Meyer, Lorenzo (2000). ≪La institucionalizacion del nuevo regimen≫. In Daniel Cosio Villegas et al.
Historia general de Mexico. Mexico
. El Colegio de Mexico. pp. 823?880. (
????
968-12-0969-9
).
- ^
Silva Herzog, Jesus (2003). ≪Mexico y el vampirismo petrolero≫. En Oscar Flores Torres. Historiadores de Mexico siglo XX. Mexico: Editorial Trillas. pp. 226?238. (
????
968-24-6669-5
).
- ^
Silva Herzog, Jesus (2003). ≪Mexico y el vampirismo petrolero≫. En Oscar Flores Torres. Historiadores de Mexico siglo XX. Mexico: Editorial Trillas. pp. 55-56. (
????
968-24-6669-5
).
- ^
quoted in Enrique Krauze,
Mexico: Biography of Power
. New York: HarperCollins 1997, p. 474