한국   대만   중국   일본 
??????? ??? ?????? 2003 - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

??????? ??? ?????? 2003

هناك خلاف حول حيادية محتوى هذه المقالة.
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?????? ?? 1 ??? 1 ????? ???? ??? ≪ ??? ????? ≫ ?? ???? ??????????? ????? ? ??????.

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2003 ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? (??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????). [1] ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? 114 ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? 1441 ?678. [2] [3] ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? . ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ≪???????≫ [4] ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2003 ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? 678 ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? . [5] ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? 678, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ≪???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? 660 ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????≫? [6] ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? 39 ??? 42 ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ≪???????≫ ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2003, ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ≪?????? ???????≫. ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 2003. ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. [7] [8] ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ?????? ≪?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? [?????] ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????≫. [9] [10]

??? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1980 ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 1988. [11] ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? 5 ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? 10 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????????. [12] ?? ?? ??? 1990, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? . ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1991? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? 16 ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? 1990 ?2002. [13] ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. [14] ????? ???? ????? ??????? 1441, ??? ≪???? ?????≫ ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. [15] [16]

????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????. [17] ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1993 ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???. [18] ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????? [19] ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. [20]

?? ??? 1988? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ≪???? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 15 ?70 ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????≫. ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1991? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? 40,000 ???? ?60?000 ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????.

?? ??? 2000? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? . [21]

??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 2006 ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????. ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ≪?? ????? ??????≫. [22]

????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? 25,000 ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. [23] [24]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ??????? ???? (TLAM) ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????.

????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 1991, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? 687 ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? 150 ?????????. [25] ???? ????? ?????? 687, ???? ???? ????? 13 ????? ?????? (699, 707, 715, 949, 105, 106, 111, 1134, 1137, 1154, 1194, 1205, 1284) ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????. [26] ?? 9 ?????? 1998, ???? ???? ????? ?????? 1194 ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? 31 ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. [27]

??? ?????? ?? 31 ?????? 1998 ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ) 16 ?????? 1998 (???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? 31 ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ≪??? ????≫, [28] ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ≪?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????≫. [29] ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????≪????? ??????? ???????≫ ???? ?????? ??????? ????????. [30]

?? 16 ?????? 1998, ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? 31 ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????. [27] [31]

?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? (?????? ??????), ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.

????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? 27 ?????? 2001 ???? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ≪??? ?????≫), ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ≪?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? -.. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????≫. ??? ????? ??? 2002, ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 2003, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? (???? ????? ?????), ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1991 ???? ????. ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ≪???? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????≫.

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

????? ?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????. (?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? . ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1990, ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? 1991 ??? ??? 1998, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1999.

?? ??? 2002, ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????.

?????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????. [32]

????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? .

???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 2003 ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? (???? ?????? ??????? ???????).

????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? " ????? ??????? ???????"? ?? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? "??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? "??????". ?? ??? 1917? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? "??? ??????? ???? ??????". ???? ??????? ??? 1920 ? " ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ". ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? . ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? " ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????". ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ?? "??????" ??? ?? ???????. "??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????. ??? ????? ??????? [ … ] ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? - ???? ???? - ??? ??????. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. "

?? ?????? 2002? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? .

????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ???????: ≪?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????≫. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? [33]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ "War would be illegal" . The Guardian . London. 7 ???? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-03-09.
  2. ^ "International Law and the War in Iraq," John Yoo. The American Journal of International Law , Vol. 97, No. 3 (Jul. 2003), pp. 563-576 ????? : 10.2307/3109841 .
  3. ^ "Future Implications of the Iraq Conflict." W.H. Taft and T’F. Buchwald. The American Journal of International Law , Vol. 97, No. 3 (Jul. 2003), pp. 553-563 ????? : 10.2307/3109841 ,
  4. ^ "Functions and Powers" . United Nations. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2003-04-02.
  5. ^ CRS Issue Brief for Congress (?????? 2002). "Iraq-U.S. Confrontation" (PDF) . Alfred B. Prados and Kenneth Katzman ?. IB94049. ????? (PDF) ?? ????? ?? 2009-04-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-23 .
  6. ^ "Saddam Hussein's Defiance of UNSCRs" (Press release). Department of State. 20 ???? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-02-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-23 .
  7. ^ Patrick McLaren, Settling the Score with Saddam: Resolution 1441 and Parallel Justifications for the Use of Force against Iraq (2003) 13 Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 233 (Lexis)
  8. ^ Bill Campbell and Chris Moraitis, 'Memorandum of Advice to the Commonwealth Government on the Use of Force against Iraq' (2003) 4 Melbourne Journal of International Law 178.
  9. ^ "???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????" . www.aljazeera.net . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-01-03.
  10. ^ Bennett-Jones? Owen (16 ?????? 2004). "Excerpts: Annan interview" . BBC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-03-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-18 .
  11. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF) (?????????). United Nations. 12 ?????? 1991. ?.  1 , 2 , 3 . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2012-02-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-02-05 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ( link )
  12. ^ "Saddam Hussein's Development of Weapons of Mass Destruction" (Press release). The White House. 12 ?????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-22 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-02 .
  13. ^ "Saddam Hussein's Defiance of United Nations Resolutions" (Press release). The White House. 12 ?????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-07-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-02 .
  14. ^ "Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq's WMD: Volume 1; Regime Strategic Intent Page 1, "Key Findings" " (PDF) . ????? (PDF) ?? ????? ?? 2007-07-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-31 . He sought to balance the need to cooperate with UN inspections?to gain support for lifting sanctions?with his intention to preserve Iraq's intellectual capital for WMD with a minimum of foreign intrusiveness and loss of face. … Saddam wanted to recreate Iraq's WMD capability?which was essentially destroyed in 1991?after sanctions were removed and Iraq's economy stabilized, but probably with a different mix of capabilities to that which previously existed. Saddam aspired to develop a nuclear capability?in an incremental fashion, irrespective of international pressure and the resulting economic risks?but he intended to focus on ballistic missile and tactical chemical warfare (CW) capabilities.
  15. ^ "Hans Blix Security Council Briefing Notes" . 19 ?????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-07-09 . During the period 1991?1998, Iraq submitted many declarations called full, final and complete. Regrettably, much in these declarations proved inaccurate or incomplete or was unsupported or contradicted by evidence. In such cases, no confidence can arise that proscribed programmes or items have been eliminated. … The overall impression is that not much new significant information has been provided in the part of Iraq's Declaration, which relates to proscribed weapons programmes, nor has much new supporting documentation or other evidence been submitted.
  16. ^ "Hans Blix's briefing to the security council" . ????????? . 14 ?????? 2003. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-08-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-07-21 .
  17. ^ "Overview of State-Sponsored Terrorism" . Federation of American Scientists. 1990. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-07-09 .
  18. ^ "Tracking Saddam's Network" . U.S. News & World Report . 22 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-09-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-07-09 .
  19. ^ "Iraqi Support for and Encouragement of Palestinian Terrorism (Part 1)" . ????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-09-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-07-09 .
  20. ^ "Saddam Hussein's Support for International Terrorism" (Press release). The White House. 12 ?????? 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-03-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-09-02 .
  21. ^ Calabresi? Massimo (14 ?????? 2002). "Time Magazine: Scott Ritter in his Own Words" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-06-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-09 .
  22. ^ "Cheney: WMD or not, Iraq invasion was correct" . NBC News. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-31 . He'd done it before,' Cheney said. 'He had produced chemical weapons before and used them. He had produced biological weapons. He had a robust nuclear program in '91.' The U.S. invasion 'was the right thing to do, and if we had to do it again, we would do exactly the same thing,' he said.
  23. ^ "??? ????? ???? ???? ??????.. ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????" . ??????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-06-14.
  24. ^ "Archived copy" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-12 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ( link )
  25. ^ "Resolution 687" . United Nations Security Council. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-28 .
  26. ^ "Chronology of December 1999" . United Nations. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-07-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-06-28 .
  27. ^ ? ? "Iraq stops cooperation with UNSCOM" . CNN. 31 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2006-03-08.
  28. ^ "Iraq blinks: Last-minute letters try to avert war" . CNN. 15 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-07-06.
  29. ^ "Iraq resists request for arms documents" . CNN. 20 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2005-02-04.
  30. ^ "Weapons chief says Iraqi inspection rebuff 'very serious' " . CNN. 9 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2002-10-02.
  31. ^ "Address by the President to the Nation on Iraq Air Strike" (Press release). The White House. 16 ?????? 1998. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-07-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2009-04-23 .
  32. ^ "Focus on Iraq: the UN" . BBC News. ?????? 1, 2002. ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? 14, 2011 . ???? ???? ?????? ???? 7, 2010 .
  33. ^ Iraq Condemns U.S. Over North Korea ???? ?????? 2018-01-29 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

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