???????? ???????? 1999

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???????? ???????? 1999
??? ??   ????? ?????
??????? ?????? ? 1999
?????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?????
??????? ????????
??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
???????
سوريا ??????? ???????
  • ?????? ???????
????? ???? ?????


???? ????????
سوريا ???? ????? ???? ?????


??????  : 2 (????? ??????)
?????? (??? ???????) ??????  : ~1000
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

???????? ???????? 1999 (?? ????? ???????? 1999 ) [1] ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? 1998 . ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? . [1] ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? . ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????. [2]

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ???? ?????

?????? ???????? ??? 1984 [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????

????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? 1983? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? . ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? . ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? 55000 ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? . ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1984 ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 1998 ? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????.

???????? ???? ????? 1998 [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? 1998
Party ??????? % ??????? +/-
??? ????? ?????? ????????? 135 0
????????? 83 0
????? ??????? ?????? 8 0
??? ??????? ????????? ?????? 7 0
??? ????????? ??????????? 7 0
????? ?????? ????????? 4 0
????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? 4 0
??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? 2 0
??????? ??????? / ???? - - -
??????? 5,501,940 250 0
Source: Nohlen et al.

??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 30 ?????? ?1 ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. [2] ?? 11 ?????? ?? ??? 1999 ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???????. ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????. [2]

?????????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????

?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? 1000 ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? . [2] ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 11.410 ??? ?? ?????? ??????. [1]
????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????. [1] ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. [1] ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????. [2]
??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? (1995-1999) ??? ?????? ??????? ????. [1]

?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? "??????? ????????? ???" (??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????)? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? "???????? ?????? ??? ?????" ? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? "??? ????? ??????" ?????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ? ? ? ? ? ? George, Alan. Syria: neither bread nor freedom. 2003. p.115.
  2. ^ ? ? ? ? ? Taylor & Francis Group. Europea World Year Book 2004 . Europa Publications, 2004. Volume 2, p.4056
?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????????_????????_1999&oldid=64118630 ≫