??????? ??????

??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ^[1]^[2] ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?? 24 ????? 2020? ^[3] ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ????????? ?? 17 ?????? 2019? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? 24 ????? 2019. ^[4]

?? 23 ????? 2020 ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? (????? ??????? ???????? (??????? ????????) ????? 2020). ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? 29 ????? 2020. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? 30 ????? 2020? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? 29 ????? 2020. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 11 ????? ?????? ?????? ?? 31 ????? 2020? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? 185 ?? ?????????. ^[5]^[6]

???? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????????? ?? 14 ?????? 2018 ? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???27 ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?? 15 ????? 2019? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? 432 ????? ????? 202 ???. ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? 12 ???? 2019 ?? ????? ??????? 391 ????? ????? 242? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 29 ???? 2019 ??????? 344 ????? ????? 286 ?????. ^[7]

?? 22 ?????? 2019? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????. ?? 23 ????? 2020? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? 29 ????? 2020? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????. ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? 30 ????? 2020. ^[8]

????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? 31 ?????? 2020? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? 1 ????? 2021. ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ^[9]

???? [ ??? ]

?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? 2015 ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? 2016 [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? 2015? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? 2017. ^[10]^[11]

??? ?? ??????? ????????? -???? ??? ?? 23 ????? 2016- ???? 51.9% ??? ????? 48.1% ?? ???? ??????? ???????? . ^[12]

????? ????????? (???? ????? 2018) [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? 599 ????? ??????? ???????: ^[13]

?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????
???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????
????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????
???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????.

????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? 31 ?????? 2020? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? (??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????)? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ^[14]^[15]

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ≪????≫ ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ^[16]

????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????. ^[17]

????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? 2020-2021. ^[18]

???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????:

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? (?????? 1)? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (?????? 3)? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? (?????? 4). ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ≪?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????≫. (?????? 8).

???? ?????????: ????? ???? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ????? ?????? 11 ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? 12 ??? ??????? (?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????).

?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? (?????? 13). ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? (?????? 13). ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? (?????? 14).

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES" . eur-lex.europa.eu . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-02-03 .
^ "Data" (PDF) . assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-11-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-02-03 .
^ Proctor? Kate? Boffey? Daniel (24 ????? 2020). " 'Fantastic moment': Boris Johnson signs Brexit withdrawal deal" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-01. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |??????= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |???= ( ?????? )
^ Taylor? Rebecca? Heffer? Greg (17 ?????? 2019). "Boris Johnson declares a Brexit agreement in place ? 'We've got great new deal' " . ???? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-17 .
^ "Tears and cheers as EU lawmakers give final nod to Brexit" . ?????? . 30 ????? 2020. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-06.
^ "Brexit" . www.consilium.europa.eu . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-21.
^ Kesbeh? Dina (25 ?????? 2018). "European Union Leaders Approve Brexit Plan" . National Public Radio . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-16 .
^ Stewart? Heather (15 ????? 2019). "Theresa May loses Brexit deal vote by majority of 230" . The Guardian . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-01-15 .
^ James? William? MacLellan? Kylie? Piper? Elizabeth (22 ?????? 2019). "Brexit in chaos after parliament defeats Johnson's ratification timetable" . Reuters. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-17 .
^ "At-a-glance: Conservative manifesto" . BBC News. 15 ????? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-09-22 .
^ Perraudin? Frances (14 ????? 2015). "Conservatives election manifesto 2015 ? the key points" . the Guardian . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-09-22 .
^ "EU referendum results" . BBC News. 24 ????? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-03-05 .
^ Chris Morris (25 November 2018) Britain's withdrawal agreement-what it all means . Reality Check, ?? ?? ?? ? retrieved 2 April 2019 ???? ?????? 12 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Rankin, Jennifer (18 Nov 2018). "Brexit transition could be extended to 2022, says Barnier" . the Guardian (???????????). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11 . Retrieved 2018-11-26 .
^ BBC News (19 ?????? 2018)? Brexit: The transition period explained ? BBC News ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-11 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2018-11-26
^ Henley, Jon (14 Nov 2018). "Brexit deal: key points from the draft withdrawal agreement" . the Guardian (???????????). Archived from the original on 2020-11-08 . Retrieved 2018-11-26 .
^ "Europa School: 10 Jan 2019: House of Commons debates" . TheyWorkForYou (???????????). 10 Jan 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-07-02 . Retrieved 2019-01-21 .
^ Text of draft withdrawal agreement ? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? 1 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] "INFORMATION FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES" . eur-lex.europa.eu . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-02-03 .

[2] "Data" (PDF) . assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2020-11-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-02-03 .

[3] Proctor? Kate? Boffey? Daniel (24 ????? 2020). " 'Fantastic moment': Boris Johnson signs Brexit withdrawal deal" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-01. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? ??? ??????? |??????= ?? ?????? ????? ??????? |???= ( ?????? )

[4] Taylor? Rebecca? Heffer? Greg (17 ?????? 2019). "Boris Johnson declares a Brexit agreement in place ? 'We've got great new deal' " . ???? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-17 .

[5] "Tears and cheers as EU lawmakers give final nod to Brexit" . ?????? . 30 ????? 2020. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-08-06.

[6] "Brexit" . www.consilium.europa.eu . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-21.

[7] Kesbeh? Dina (25 ?????? 2018). "European Union Leaders Approve Brexit Plan" . National Public Radio . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-12-01 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-12-16 .

[Guardian_15-01-19-8] Stewart? Heather (15 ????? 2019). "Theresa May loses Brexit deal vote by majority of 230" . The Guardian . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-01-15 .

[Reuters22Oct-9] James? William? MacLellan? Kylie? Piper? Elizabeth (22 ?????? 2019). "Brexit in chaos after parliament defeats Johnson's ratification timetable" . Reuters. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-11-17 .

[10] "At-a-glance: Conservative manifesto" . BBC News. 15 ????? 2015. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-09-22 .

[11] Perraudin? Frances (14 ????? 2015). "Conservatives election manifesto 2015 ? the key points" . the Guardian . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-09-22 .

[12] "EU referendum results" . BBC News. 24 ????? 2016. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-11-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-03-05 .

[13] Chris Morris (25 November 2018) Britain's withdrawal agreement-what it all means . Reality Check, ?? ?? ?? ? retrieved 2 April 2019 ???? ?????? 12 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[14] Rankin, Jennifer (18 Nov 2018). "Brexit transition could be extended to 2022, says Barnier" . the Guardian (???????????). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11 . Retrieved 2018-11-26 .

[15] BBC News (19 ?????? 2018)? Brexit: The transition period explained ? BBC News ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-08-11 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2018-11-26

[16] Henley, Jon (14 Nov 2018). "Brexit deal: key points from the draft withdrawal agreement" . the Guardian (???????????). Archived from the original on 2020-11-08 . Retrieved 2018-11-26 .

[17] "Europa School: 10 Jan 2019: House of Commons debates" . TheyWorkForYou (???????????). 10 Jan 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-07-02 . Retrieved 2019-01-21 .

[draft-18] Text of draft withdrawal agreement ? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? 1 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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