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????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ??? 1931 ?1933 ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ^[1] ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? .

??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????. ^[2] ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????. ^[3] ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? 1013-1251 ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? . ^[4]

???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? . ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? . ^[3]^[5]^[6]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Schwartz? Jeffrey H.? Tattersall? Ian (2005). The Human Fossil Record, Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Africa and Asia) . John Wiley & Sons. ?. 450. ISBN : 9780471326441 .
^ Ngandong ???? ?????? 2007-02-08 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . (Emuseum@Minnesota State University, Mankato) ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ ^? ^? Peter Brown: Recent human evolution in East Asia and Australasia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences, Vol. 337, 235-242, 1992
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20180508153112/http://www.columbia.edu/~rlh2/PartII.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-05-08. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )
^ Kaifu, Y? Aziz, F? Indriati, E? Jacob, T? Kurniawan, I? Baba, H (?????? 2008). "Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus: new evidence for continuous evolution, specialization, and terminal extinction". Journal of Human Evolution . ?. 55 ?. 4: 551?80. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.002 . ISSN : 0047-2484 . PMID : 18635247 .
^ Finding showing human ancestor older than previously thought offers new insights into evolution , 5 July 2011. ???? ?????? 27 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? :

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[1] Schwartz? Jeffrey H.? Tattersall? Ian (2005). The Human Fossil Record, Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Africa and Asia) . John Wiley & Sons. ?. 450. ISBN : 9780471326441 .

[2] Ngandong ???? ?????? 2007-02-08 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? . (Emuseum@Minnesota State University, Mankato) ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[مولد_تلقائيا1-3] ? ^? Peter Brown: Recent human evolution in East Asia and Australasia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences, Vol. 337, 235-242, 1992

[4] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20180508153112/http://www.columbia.edu/~rlh2/PartII.pdf . ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2018-05-08. {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? ( ?????? )

[5] Kaifu, Y? Aziz, F? Indriati, E? Jacob, T? Kurniawan, I? Baba, H (?????? 2008). "Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus: new evidence for continuous evolution, specialization, and terminal extinction". Journal of Human Evolution . ?. 55 ?. 4: 551?80. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.002 . ISSN : 0047-2484 . PMID : 18635247 .

[6] Finding showing human ancestor older than previously thought offers new insights into evolution , 5 July 2011. ???? ?????? 27 ?????? 2017 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

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