한국   대만   중국   일본 
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اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف
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??????? ????????? ??? [1]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P105) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P171) في ويكي بيانات
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Homo antecessor [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P225) في ويكي بيانات
Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro y Risueno? ? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?Eudald Carbonell? ?Antonio Rosas Gonzalez? ?Ignacio Martinez Mendizabal ? Marina Mosquera Martinez  ? 1997  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P225) في ويكي بيانات 
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب


????? ??? ( ????? ?????? : Homo antecessor ) ?? ??? ???? (?? ???? ?????) ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? 1.2 ????? ??? 800.000 ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. [3] ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ≪??????≫ ≪????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1997.≫ ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ≪???????≫ ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? (????? ???? ??????? ??????). [4]

????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ≪?????≫ ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ≪???≫ ??? ????? ?? antecessor ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????.

????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? . [5]

??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 600.000 ??? 250.000 ??? ??? (?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ). [6] ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? _2018_ ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????. [7]

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 850 ?780 ??? ??? . [8] ??? ???? 1994 ?1995? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? 80 ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. [9] ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?? 15% ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???. [10]

?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 800.000 ??? ???. ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. [11] [12] [13] [14]

????? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1.5 ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? . [15] [16]

?? ??? 2013 ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 400.000 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ≪?????≫ ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ( ????? ?????? : Denisovans ) ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????. [17]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? 2014 ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 900.000 ??? ?? ????. [18]

??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? (CENIEH) ?? ??? 2015 ???? ???? ??? ????? ≪??????? ?????≫? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ≪???????≫ ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???. [19]

??? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? 1.6?1.8 ??? (5½?6 ???) ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 90 ??? (200 ?????)? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1000 ?1150 ???????³? ??? ???? ?????? 1,350 ???????³ ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????. [20]

???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? (?? ????? ??????? ????) ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? . ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? .

????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? (??????)? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??.

??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? (???? ???? ????? ≪?????? ??????≫) ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ???? 1994/1995 ??? ???? ?? 80 ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 200 ???? ????? ?300 ???? ???? ???????? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 900.000 ???. [21] ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? (????? ????? ????? ???) ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???.

???? ??? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? 29 ????? 2007? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? (???? ???? ????? ≪???? ?????≫) ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? 1.2 ?1.2 ????? ??? ???. ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ≪?????≫ ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 20 ??? 25 ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? 27 ????/???? 2008 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. [22] ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? 1.8 ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 1.4 ????? ???. [23]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2005? ???? ??? ????? ????? (???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????) ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 700.000 ??? ??? (????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????) ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? . [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2010? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? [29] [30] ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? 950.000 ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????.

?? ???? 2013? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? (???????)? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 800.000 ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ≪???????≫ ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. [31] ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????.

???????? ?????? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????? ??? 2008 ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1.6 ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??. [32]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? (???? ???????) [??? 1.9-1.4 ????? ???] ?????? ????????? [??? 0.8-0.3 ????? ???]. ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? (???? ???????) ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 1.2 ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? 0.8 ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? 0.3 ????? ???. [33] [34]

????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1.2-0.3 ????? ???. ????? ???? (2009) ?? ????? ????? ≪??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????≫? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??≪?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????≫. ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? 14 ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [5]

?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????. [35]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

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????? [ ??? ]

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  33. ^ Wayman? Erin (26 ?????? 2011). " Homo antecessor : Common Ancestor of Humans and Neanderthals? By Erin Wayman H. antessor ' s discoverers?including Jose Bermudez de Castro…" . smithsonian.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-09 . Carretero? JM? Lorenzo? C? Arsuaga? JL (1 ?????? 1999). "Axial and appendicular skeleton of Homo antecessor ". J. Hum. Evol . ?. 37 ?. 3?4: 459?99. DOI : 10.1006/jhev.1999.0342 . PMID : 10496997 .
  34. ^ "... a speciation event could have occurred in Africa/Western Eurasia, originating a new Homo clade [...] Homo antecessor [...] could be a side branch of this clade placed at the westernmost region of the Eurasian continent". Bermudez-de-Castro? Jose-Maria (23 ???? 2015). " Homo antecessor : The state of the art eighteen years later" . Quaternary International . ?. 433: 22?31. DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.049 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-12-10 .
  35. ^ Fernandez-Jalvo, Y.? Diez, J. C.? Caceres, I.? Rosell, J. (?????? 1999). "Human cannibalism in the Early Pleistocene of Europe (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution . ?. 37 ?. 34: 591?622. DOI : 10.1006/jhev.1999.0324 . PMID : 10497001 .
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