????????

??????? ????
???? ?????	indiegogo.com (??????????)
??? ??????	???? ??? ? crowdfunding platform (en)
????? ??????	???????? ???????
???????	2008
?????	??????????
????? ??????	1?860 ; (29 ?????? 2017) ;
????? ???????	??? ?????????

???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 2008 ?? ??? ????? ????????? ^[3] ????? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? . ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? 5? ??? ?????????. ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? 3 ? + 0.30 ????? ??? ??????. ^[4] ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???.

???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ^[5] ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 2016 ? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 2016 ? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????. ^[6]

?? ??? 2014 ? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ??? 2015 ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? Generosity.com. ^[7] ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ^[8] ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? 3? ???????? ??? 30 ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ^[9]

??????? ??????? ??????
?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????
????? ?????? ??????
??? ??????
??? ???????

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? "????????" (???????????).
^ "?????? ??????" (???????????). Archived from the original on 2017-11-29 . Retrieved 2017-11-29 .
^ "Triangulation 187 Indiegogo Founder Danae Ringelmann" . TWiT.tv . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-02-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-10 .
^ "Indiegogo Pricing and Fees" . Indiegogo (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2021-04-16 . Retrieved 2019-10-10 .
^ Lora Kolodny. "Early Crowdfunding Player Indiegogo Brings On Famous New Investors" . WSJ . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-05.
^ Cowley? Stacy (15 ?????? 2016). "Ever Wanted to Back a Start-Up? Indiegogo Opens the Door to Small Investors" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-05-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-11-15 .
^ Stacy Cowley (21 ?????? 2015). "ndiegogo Creates Generosity.com for Personal Fund-Raising Campaigns" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-01.
^ "Terms of Use | Generosity" . www.generosity.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-14 .
^ "Indiegogo Life Helps You Fund Good Deeds" . TechCrunch (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-10-10 . Retrieved 2019-10-10 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????

???????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[3a4de6b1dd7e5d707895d79c9bea346c490ba54c-1] ? ^? "????????" (???????????).

[f451d3a3731489583c26496d9d6a11004d5d4c5b-2] "?????? ??????" (???????????). Archived from the original on 2017-11-29 . Retrieved 2017-11-29 .

[3] "Triangulation 187 Indiegogo Founder Danae Ringelmann" . TWiT.tv . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-02-24 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-10-10 .

[4] "Indiegogo Pricing and Fees" . Indiegogo (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2021-04-16 . Retrieved 2019-10-10 .

[auto-5] Lora Kolodny. "Early Crowdfunding Player Indiegogo Brings On Famous New Investors" . WSJ . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-11-05.

[6] Cowley? Stacy (15 ?????? 2016). "Ever Wanted to Back a Start-Up? Indiegogo Opens the Door to Small Investors" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-05-12 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-11-15 .

[7] Stacy Cowley (21 ?????? 2015). "ndiegogo Creates Generosity.com for Personal Fund-Raising Campaigns" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-01.

[8] "Terms of Use | Generosity" . www.generosity.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-05-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-14 .

[9] "Indiegogo Life Helps You Fund Good Deeds" . TechCrunch (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-10-10 . Retrieved 2019-10-10 .

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