?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
???
(
??????????
:
Essen
)? ????? ??? ?? ?????
???? ?????? - ????????
?? ???
???????
? ????
?????? ????????
. ???? ??? ?????? ????? 582.764 ???? (
2007
). ?? ????? ??????? ???? 2010? ???? ?? ?????
??? ?????
????? ?????? ??????. ???? 1972 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ????????-????
?? ??? 2003.
??????
[
???
]
???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????:
???????? ???????? ?????
|
?????
|
?????
|
??????
|
????
|
?????
|
????
|
?????
|
?????
|
?????
|
??????
|
??????
|
??????
|
??????
|
?????? ??????
|
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
4.5
(40.1)
|
5.5
(41.9)
|
9.1
(48.4)
|
12.7
(54.9)
|
17.6
(63.7)
|
19.9
(67.8)
|
22.2
(72.0)
|
22.3
(72.1)
|
18.3
(64.9)
|
13.7
(56.7)
|
8.2
(46.8)
|
5.6
(42.1)
|
13.3
(55.9)
|
??????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
2.4
(36.3)
|
2.9
(37.2)
|
6.0
(42.8)
|
8.9
(48.0)
|
13.4
(56.1)
|
15.8
(60.4)
|
18.0
(64.4)
|
18.0
(64.4)
|
14.7
(58.5)
|
10.7
(51.3)
|
5.9
(42.6)
|
3.6
(38.5)
|
10.0
(50.0)
|
????? ???? ??????? ?????? °? (°?)
|
0.2
(32.4)
|
0.3
(32.5)
|
2.9
(37.2)
|
5.0
(41.0)
|
9.1
(48.4)
|
11.6
(52.9)
|
13.7
(56.7)
|
13.7
(56.7)
|
11.1
(52.0)
|
7.6
(45.7)
|
3.6
(38.5)
|
1.6
(34.9)
|
6.7
(44.1)
|
??????
?? (???)
|
84.5
(3.33)
|
58.1
(2.29)
|
78.2
(3.08)
|
61.0
(2.40)
|
72.2
(2.84)
|
92.8
(3.65)
|
81.2
(3.20)
|
78.8
(3.10)
|
78.0
(3.07)
|
75.1
(2.96)
|
81.1
(3.19)
|
93.1
(3.67)
|
934.1
(36.78)
|
????? ???? ???? ???????
|
14.1
|
10.5
|
13.6
|
11.1
|
11.1
|
12.0
|
10.4
|
9.9
|
11.2
|
10.9
|
13.6
|
14.1
|
142.5
|
??????:
WMO
[11]
|
?????
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???
]
???? (???????) ????????
?????
?? ?? ??:
?????
[
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]
?????
[
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]
????? ??????
[
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??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????
|
---|
1,000,000+
| | |
---|
500,000+
| |
---|
200,000+
| |
---|
100,000+
|
|
---|
|
|
---|
????? ??? ??????? ????????
| | |
---|
??????? ???????? ???????
| |
---|