????
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(
??????????
:
Directorio militar de Primo de Rivera
)? ??????? ?????? ??
?????????? ????? ?? ??????
???? ????? ?? ??????? ????
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??? ????
???????
?? 13-15 ?????? 1923. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? (?????? ??????? ???????? ?????). ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
????? ????? ?? ??????
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? - ??? ????
????????
??????? ?? ????? 1923
-. ??? ?????? 1925 ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????
??????? ???????
? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? 1930.
???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??
???? ?? ??? ???????
? ????? ????? ?? ??????? - ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???
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?? ?????? 1922 - ??? ??? ??
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.
???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????: ??
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(??? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????) ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? (???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????
???? ????? ??????
). ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ≪???????????? ?? ?????≫ ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ≪??? ????≫ ???
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.
???? ??????? ????????
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???? ???? ?? ???????
?????? 98
? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????
???????????
????? ????
???? ???? ?????
??? 1905 -??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? La Veu de Catalunya ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????- ???? ??? ??? ?????
????? ???????? ???????
[?????????]
??? 1906. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
???? 1917
???? ????? ????
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?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????
. ???? ????? ???? ??
?????? ????? ?? ??????
?? 13 ?????? 1923 ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ≪??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????≫? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??19 ??? ????? ≪??? ???? ??
???? ?????
???? ?? ??????? -??????? ????????- ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????≫
.
????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??
??? ?????
??? 15 ?????? 1923 ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??
???????
.
????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? (
??????????
:
Gaceta de Madrid
)? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????: ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????.
[6]
???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???
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.
???? ?????? 1 ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? 2 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ?????? 3 ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????? 4 ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????.
[6]
????? ??????? ??????? ??? 17 ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? 32 ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? 12 ?????? ????? ?????
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:
≪?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????.≫
??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 21 ?????? 1923 ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 1924 ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? - ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????
.
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.
??? ?????
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?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? 1925
? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????
?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? (???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????) ?????? ?????? ????? -???? ?? ????? 1924 ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????-
. ??? ???? ≪??????? ????????≫ ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? (??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???
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?? ????????? ?????
) ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????
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.
??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ??????
????? ??????
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.
???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? -??? ???? 51 ???? ????? ??? 1923 ? 1928? ?????? ?? 1,259 ??? 1919 ?1923- ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????
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.
?????????
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. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ≪???? ????? ????????≫ ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? 21 ?????? 1923 ???? ????????
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.
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. ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? 15 ?????? 1923 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? (??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????) ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? 250 ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ≪??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????≫? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? 41 ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? 1920 ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? 16 ?????
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PSOE
? ???
CNT
??? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???
.
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CNT
???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? (CNT) ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 1923. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? CNT ?? ?????? ??? ??????
.
?? ???? 1924 ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? 7 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? - ????? ????? CNT ?????- ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? CNT ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?≪????? ??????≫ (1919-1923) ?? ???????
. ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 1924 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? CNT ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
.
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?????? ???????
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???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 20 ?????? 1923 ??? ???? ?????? 1:
≪????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???
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???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? (
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:
caciques
)?
? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ???
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.
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.
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.
???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????:"??? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????". ????????? ??? ??? ??? "????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????". ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
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??????? ?? ???????
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(
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:
regeneracionista
)? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ????
????? ??????? ?????? ???
?? ?????? 1923 ????
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??
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. ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 1924 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? (????? ??????? ??????? (
??????????
:
Patronato regio
)?) ???? ??????? ????? ??????
???? ????????
. ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? 46 ?? ???? ???????? ?? 1927
. ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????
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??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? 1923 ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????
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.
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(UPC)? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???
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. ????? ???????????? ??
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? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????.
?? 5 ????? 1924 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????: ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????
????????
(???? ????? ??????). ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??
????? 1876
??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????
. ?? ???? ????????? ?? 29 ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? (
??????????
:
upetistas
)? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
?????? ?????? ??????
?? 1924
. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ≪????? ??????≫ ??? ??? ???? ???????????
????? ????? ??????
.
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. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? (??????? ????????? ????????????)? ??? ?????
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???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1926 ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????
.
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.
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.
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