?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
?????? ???
(1186 - 1241) ?? ??? ?????
????? ???
????? ?????? (????? - ????? -?????? - ?????) ?? ????? ??????????? ?????. ???? ???
???????????? ????????
?????? ??? ????
????? ???
?? 18
?????
1227.
?????
[
???
]
??? ???
????? ???
????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???
1229
? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????
????????
????????
? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????.
[1]
??? ??
?????
? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????
???????
? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????.
??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ≪???????≫ ????? ≪??????≫ ????? ?????????? ≪?????? ????≫? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???
1232
?
[2]
???????? ???? ≪????≫ ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???
1234
. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???.
[3]
??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???
???? ????? ???????
? ??? ???
?????? ??????????
? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??
??????
???
1229
? ????? ?????
????????
?
???????
?
????????
. ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????
???? ????
? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
[4]
[5]
???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
??? ??????? ???????
??? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???.
[6]
??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????
???????
? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????
?????
?
???????
?
????? ?? ???? ?????
? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????
1235
?
1238
? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???
??????
????????
??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ≪????????≫? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?≪??? ?????≫? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
?????
?????? ??? ??? ???
????
???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????.
??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???
1234
? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? 3 ???? ?????? ?????? ≪????≫ ?≪????≫? ???????? ????????? ≪?????≫ ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?
???????
?
???????
? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???
1239
? ??? ???? ≪????≫ ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ≪????≫ ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??
?????
.
?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????
???? ???
???????? ≪???????≫? ?? ????? ???
???????
? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????
???????
. ???? ??? ????? ?????
??????
??????? ???? ??? ???
1237
? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ???
1238
?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
????????
?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ≪????≫? ????? ?????????. ?????? ???
1240
???? ???? ?????
?????
??????
? ??? ????
????
? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ≪???????≫? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?≪???????≫? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????
?????????
???????
??? ?????????.
[7]
???? ??????? ???
?????
? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????
????? ???
? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????
?????
?
??????
? ??
????? ????
? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
?????
?
[8]
??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????
???????????
?????? ????????.
[9]
[10]
[11]
??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????
????? ????????
???????.
??? ???
?????
? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????
??????
? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??
??????
?
?????
?
????????????
. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??
??????????
?
??????????
?
????? ?????? ?????
? ??????? ???????????
?????? ??????
? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
????????
. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????
??????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ≪????≫? ??????
11 ?????
1241
? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????
???????
?
?????
? ????????
?????????
?
????????????? ????????? ???????
.
[12]
[13]
?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
????
?????
???????
? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????
1241
?
[14]
[15]
???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??
?????? ??????
?? ????? ???????? ????
?????? ???????
?? ????? ??????.
?????
[
???
]
- ^
J.Bor ? Mongol hiigeed Eurasiin diplomat shashtir, boti II, p.165
- ^
Christopher P.Atwood ? Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.277
- ^
Christopher P.Atwood ? Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.509, Jeremiah Curtin- The Mongols
- ^
Timothy May ? Chormaqan, p.29
- ^
Reuven Aitei Press ? The Mamluk-Ilkhanid war
- ^
J.Bor ? Mongol hiigeed Eurasiin diplomat shashtir, boti II
- ^
Timothy May ? Chormaqan, p.32
- ^
The Delhi Sultanate by Peter Jackson, p.105
- ^
J.Bor - Ibid, p.186
- ^
Christopher P.Atwood ? Ibid, p. 297
- ^
W.E.Henthorn ? Korea, the Mongol invasions
- ^
Jack Weatherford - Ibid, p.157
- ^
H.H.Howorth-History of the Mongols: part II p.55-62
- ^
Jack Weatherford - Ibid, p.158
- ^
Matthew Paris ? English history (trans. by J.A.Giles), p.348
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