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???????	c. 1186 ; ????? ??????
??????	1241 (aged 55) ; ???????
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?????? ??? (1186 - 1241) ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? (????? - ????? -?????? - ?????) ?? ????? ??????????? ?????. ???? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? 18 ????? 1227.

????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? 1229 ? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????. ^[1] ??? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????.

??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ≪???????≫ ????? ≪??????≫ ????? ?????????? ≪?????? ????≫? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 1232 ? ^[2] ???????? ???? ≪????≫ ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? 1234 . ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???. ^[3] ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1229 ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ???????? . ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ^[4]^[5] ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???. ^[6]

??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? 1235 ? 1238 ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ≪????????≫? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?≪??? ?????≫? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????.

??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? 1234 ? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? 3 ???? ?????? ?????? ≪????≫ ?≪????≫? ???????? ????????? ≪?????≫ ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? 1239 ? ??? ???? ≪????≫ ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ≪????≫ ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? .

?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ≪???????≫? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? . ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 1237 ? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ??? 1238 ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ≪????≫? ????? ?????????. ?????? ??? 1240 ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ≪???????≫? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?≪???????≫? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ^[7]

???? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ^[8] ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ^[9]^[10]^[11] ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????.

??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ? ????? ? ???????????? . ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? . ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ≪????≫? ?????? 11 ????? 1241 ? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ??????? . ^[12]^[13] ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? 1241 ? ^[14]^[15] ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ J.Bor ? Mongol hiigeed Eurasiin diplomat shashtir, boti II, p.165
^ Christopher P.Atwood ? Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.277
^ Christopher P.Atwood ? Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.509, Jeremiah Curtin- The Mongols
^ Timothy May ? Chormaqan, p.29
^ Reuven Aitei Press ? The Mamluk-Ilkhanid war
^ J.Bor ? Mongol hiigeed Eurasiin diplomat shashtir, boti II
^ Timothy May ? Chormaqan, p.32
^ The Delhi Sultanate by Peter Jackson, p.105
^ J.Bor - Ibid, p.186
^ Christopher P.Atwood ? Ibid, p. 297
^ W.E.Henthorn ? Korea, the Mongol invasions
^ Jack Weatherford - Ibid, p.157
^ H.H.Howorth-History of the Mongols: part II p.55-62
^ Jack Weatherford - Ibid, p.158
^ Matthew Paris ? English history (trans. by J.A.Giles), p.348

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ???

[1] J.Bor ? Mongol hiigeed Eurasiin diplomat shashtir, boti II, p.165

[2] Christopher P.Atwood ? Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.277

[3] Christopher P.Atwood ? Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.509, Jeremiah Curtin- The Mongols

[4] Timothy May ? Chormaqan, p.29

[5] Reuven Aitei Press ? The Mamluk-Ilkhanid war

[6] J.Bor ? Mongol hiigeed Eurasiin diplomat shashtir, boti II

[7] Timothy May ? Chormaqan, p.32

[8] The Delhi Sultanate by Peter Jackson, p.105

[9] J.Bor - Ibid, p.186

[10] Christopher P.Atwood ? Ibid, p. 297

[11] W.E.Henthorn ? Korea, the Mongol invasions

[12] Jack Weatherford - Ibid, p.157

[13] H.H.Howorth-History of the Mongols: part II p.55-62

[14] Jack Weatherford - Ibid, p.158

[15] Matthew Paris ? English history (trans. by J.A.Giles), p.348

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