한국   대만   중국   일본 
?????? ????? - ????????? ????? ??? ???????

?????? ?????

?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
?????? ?????
( ????????? : Andre Breton )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ?????
??????? ?????
??? ??????? ( ????????? : Andre Robert Breton )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1477) في ويكي بيانات
??????? 18 ?????? 1896
?????? 28 ?????? 1966
????? ?????
?????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P26) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????
?????? ?????
??????? ?????
??????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????
??????? ???? ????? ???????     [???? ????] ‏  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P69) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???? [1] [2] ?   ????? ?   ?????? ?   ????? ?????? [2] ?   ????? ?   ????? ?   ?????? ???     [???? ????] ‏ [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? ??????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P102) في ويكي بيانات
????? ???? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P103) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P135) في ويكي بيانات
???????
 
???????
IMDB ????? ??? IMDB   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P345) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

?????? ?????? (?????????: Andre Robert Breton? 18 ?????? 1896- 28 ?????? 1966) ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? .

???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ( Manifeste du surrealisme ) ?? ??? 1924? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ≪???? ????? ????? ????≫ [3] (????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (????? ??????) ??????? ??????). [4]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ≪???????-????-????? ?? ????≫ ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????. [5]

????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????. [5]

?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ≪??? ?????≫ ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ≪?????? ????≫. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????. [6]

????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ≪????? ?????≫ (1919)? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????. [7]

???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ≪????? ???≫ ?? 15 ?????? 1921? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 42 (?? ????? ?????) ?? ????? ?? 1 ????? 1922. ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? 5300 ????: ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? (??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????).

??? ????? ??????. [8] [9] [10] [11]

?? ???? ??? ????????? [ ??? ]

(????: ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????). [12] [13] [14]

???? ?????? ???? ???? ≪ ???????? ≫ (??? ???? ????? ???????) ?? ??? 1919 ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????. [15]

???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 1924? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????: ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1927? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1933.

????? ?????? ≪?????≫ ?? ??? 1928? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.

????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? (???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????). [16] [17]

?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/nyregion/bruce-museum-takes-a-sharply-focused-look-at-picasso.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  2. ^ ????? ?????? ??????? ? QID : Q10855166
  3. ^ Lawrence Gowing , ed., Biographical Encyclopedia of Artists, v.1 (Facts on File, 2005): 84.
  4. ^ Andre Breton (1969). Manifestoes of Surrealism . University of Michigan Press. ?. 26. ISBN : 0472061828 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-20.
  5. ^ ? ? "Andre Breton" . Biography.com (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2017-04-19 .
  6. ^ Henri Behar, Catherine Dufour (2005). Dada, circuit total . L'AGE D'HOMME. ?. 552. ISBN : 9782825119068 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-20.
  7. ^ Vache? Jacques (1949). Lettres de guerre . Andre Breton (?. 2eme publication). ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-02-01.
  8. ^ Reviewing Mark Polizzotti's Revolution of the Mind: The Life of Andre Breton Douglas F. Smith called him, "[a] cynical atheist, the poet, critic, and artist harbored an irrepressible streak of romanticism."
  9. ^ "To speak of God, to think of God, is in every respect to show what one is made of.... I have always wagered against God and I regard the little that I have won in this world as simply the outcome of this bet. However paltry may have been the stake (my life) I am conscious of having won to the full. Everything that is doddering, squint-eyed, vile, polluted and grotesque is summoned up for me in that one word: God!" - Andre Breton, taking from a footnote from his book, Surrealism and Painting . Quotations by the poet: Andre Breton ???? ?????? 12 ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  10. ^ Gilson? Etienne (1988). Linguistics and philosophy: an essay on the philosophical constants of language . University of Notre Dame Press. ?.  98 . ISBN : 978-0-268-01284-7 . Breton professed to be an atheist...
  11. ^ Browder? Clifford (1967). Andre Breton: Arbiter of Surrealism . Droz. ?.  133 . Again, the atheist Breton's predilection for ideas of blasphemy and profanation, as well as for the " demonic " word noir, contained a hint of Satanism and alliance with infernal powers.
  12. ^ "Lost Profiles, Memoirs of Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism" . www.citylights.com (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-12-20 . Retrieved 2019-06-11 .
  13. ^ "Tristan Tzara Art, Bio, Ideas" . The Art Story . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-04-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-06-11 .
  14. ^ ramalhodiogo (24 Jul 2012). "Bureau of Surrealist Research" . Frequently Asked Questions (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-12-21 . Retrieved 2019-06-11 .
  15. ^ "Les Champs magnetiques (Andre Breton)" . www.andrebreton.fr (?????????). Archived from the original on 2020-04-20 . Retrieved 2019-06-11 .
  16. ^ Polizzotti, Mark. (2009). Revolution of the mind : the life of Andre Breton (?. 1st Black Widow Press ed., rev. & updated). Boston, Mass.: Black Widow Press. ISBN : 9780979513787 . OCLC : 221148942 .
  17. ^ Douglas, Ava. "Andre Breton" . www.historygraphicdesign.com (??????????? ??????????). Archived from the original on 2019-06-14 . Retrieved 2019-02-25 .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?? ≪ https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=??????_?????&oldid=62103948 ≫