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??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? (nasogastric)? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? (nasoduodenal)? ???????? ???????? (nasojejunal tubes) ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? (gastrostomy)? ????????? ??????? ???????? (gastrojejunostomy)? ?? ??? ?????? (jejunostomy).

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