?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????????
(
?????????
: ???????
???????
: ??????) ?? ????
?????????
??????? ???????? ??? 100
???
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
?????
[
???
]
???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???
1925
???? ??? ?????? ???????
??????? ?????????
. ??? ???????? ?? ???
1936
?????? 4
??????
?? 4 = 1. ??? ???
1940
? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????:
???? ???? ?? ??? ????????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????
|
1940
|
13
|
1947
|
13.44
|
1948
|
14.17
|
1949
|
16.8
|
1956
|
20
|
1963
|
45
|
1982
|
50.6
|
??? ???? 1979 ?1982 ???? ???? ?? ??? 1992? ??? ????? ???? ????????.
??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.? ??
??????
???
1996
? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????
??????
????? ???
?????????
? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????.
??? 7
??????
???
2002
? ?2
????? ??????
?
2003
? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????
???? 4217
(AFN).
??? ???
2005
? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1 ?2 ?5 ??????.
??????? ????????
[
???
]
??????? ????????
|
??????
|
??????
|
???????? ??????
|
?????
|
?????
|
?????
|
?????
|
?????
|
???????
|
??????
|
?????
|
?????
|
|
1 ??????
(1961)
|
23 ???
|
4.0 ????
|
????
???? ??????
|
????
|
????? ???? ????? ??????. (????? ???? ???
??????? ????????
?? 1961 ?).
|
?????? ????? ????? "??? ? ??????"
(?????? ????).
|
|
|
1 ??????
|
20 ???
|
3.25 ????
|
????
????
????????
|
????
|
???? ?????????
|
??????? ???????
|
|
|
2 ??????
|
22 ???
|
4.1 ????
|
????? ????? ?????
|
|
5 ??????
|
24 ???
|
5.08 ????
|
???? ????
|
????
|
??????? ???????
[
???
]
????? ???? ????? ?? ???? 5 ?10 ?50 ?????? ??? ???? 1925 ?1928. ?????? 2 ?20 ?100 ?????? ?? ??? 1936. ????
?????? ??????? ????????
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1939 ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? 2 ?5 ?10 ?20? 50 ?100 ?500 ?1,000 ??????. ???????? ????? 2 ?5 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1958. ?????? 5000 ?10,000 ?????? ?? ??? 1993.
-
??? ???? 20 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? (1963)
-
??? ???? 20 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? (1963)
-
??? ???? 100 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? (1963)
-
??? ???? 100 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? (1963)
????? ????? ????? ?? 7 ?????? 2002 ?? ????1 ?2 ?5 ?10 ?20 ?50 ?100 ?500 ?1,000 ??????. ??????? ???? 5 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2005.
??? ?????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]