????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????

????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????
?????	???? ; ???? ; ????
????????	4 ???? 1861
????????	???????? ???????????? ?????????
	????? ????? - ?????

??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? (???????? ??????????? ?? ≪???????????≫) ????? ?????? ??? ???? 1861-1865.

??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????.

??? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ≪?????? ????????≫ ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 2001.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ?????: ≪???? ??????≫ (1861-1863) [ ??? ]

????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ≪???? ??????≫? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? 4 ???? 1861 ??? 1 ???? 1863. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????/ ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? (???????) ????? ??? ???????????? ????????? (????? ???? ?????? ???????-?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????). ^[1]^[2] ?? ?????? ??? ≪?????? ????????≫ ?? 4 ???? 1861? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????.

??? ??? ???? ????? ????
(???? 4, 1861 ? ???? 21, 1861)
??? ??? ???? ????? ????
(???? 21, 1861 ? ????? 2, 1861)
??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????
(????? 2, 1861 ? ?????? 28, 1861)
??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????
(?????? 28, 1861 ? ???? 1, 1863 ^[3])

????? ?????? ?????? ≪???? ??????? ???????≫ (1863-1865) [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? 1863 ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????.

???? ????? ???? ≪???? ??????? ???????≫ ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (??????) ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] ???? ??? ????? ≪???? ??????? ???????≫ ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? ?????? ≪???? ???? ??????≫ (1865) [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?????? (????? ???? ???? ????? ≪???? ???? ??????≫) ?? 4 ???? 1865. ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????: ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

????? ???? [ ??? ]

???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ≪????? ?????? ??????≫ ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? 1861. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ≪??? ???? ???? ???????≫ ?? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????-???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???.

??? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????: 52 ???? (130 ??) ??????? 38 ???? (97 ??) ????????? 32 ???? (81 ??) ???????. ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? 1861 ???? ???? ???????????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????.

?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? 1861. ^[10]

????? [ ??? ]

^ "Nicola Marschall" . The Encyclopedia of Alabama. 25 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-06-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-29 . The flag does resemble that of the ??? ??????? European nation of Austria, which as a ????? ?????? artist, Marschall would have known well.
^ Hume? Edgar Erskine (????? 1940). "Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform " . The American-German Review . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-06-26 .
^ ^? ^? "Confederate States of America government" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-05 .
^ Preble 1872 ? ????? 414?417
^ Preble 1880 ? ????? 523?525
^ Thompson? William T. (23 ????? 1863). " Daily Morning News ". Savannah, Georgia.
^ Thompson? William T. (28 ????? 1863). " Daily Morning News ". Savannah, Georgia.
^ Thompson? William T. (4 ???? 1863). " Daily Morning News ". Savannah, Georgia.
^ Loewen? James W. ? Sebesta? Edward H. (2010). The Confederate and Neo Confederate Reader: The Great Truth about the 'Lost Cause' . Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. ?. 13. ISBN : 978-1-60473-219-1 . OCLC : 746462600 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-12-05 . Confederates even showed their preoccupation with race in their flag. Civil War buffs know that 'the Confederate flag' waved today was never the official flag of the Confederate States of America. Rather, it was the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia. During the war, the Confederacy adopted three official flags. The first, sometimes called 'the Stars and Bars,' drew many objections 'on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting,' in the words of the editor of the Savannah Morning News , quoted herein.
^ Coski 2005 ? ???? 11

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????

[1] "Nicola Marschall" . The Encyclopedia of Alabama. 25 ????? 2011. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-06-06 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-07-29 . The flag does resemble that of the ??? ??????? European nation of Austria, which as a ????? ?????? artist, Marschall would have known well.

[hume-2] Hume? Edgar Erskine (????? 1940). "Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform " . The American-German Review . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-05-28 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-06-26 .

[CSAflag-3] ? ^? "Confederate States of America government" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-10-05 .

[GHPreble1872-4] Preble 1872 ? ????? 414?417

[GHPreble1880-5] Preble 1880 ? ????? 523?525

[SMNApril23-6] Thompson? William T. (23 ????? 1863). " Daily Morning News ". Savannah, Georgia.

[SMNApril28-7] Thompson? William T. (28 ????? 1863). " Daily Morning News ". Savannah, Georgia.

[SMNMay4-8] Thompson? William T. (4 ???? 1863). " Daily Morning News ". Savannah, Georgia.

[StainlessBannerNeo-9] Loewen? James W. ? Sebesta? Edward H. (2010). The Confederate and Neo Confederate Reader: The Great Truth about the 'Lost Cause' . Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. ?. 13. ISBN : 978-1-60473-219-1 . OCLC : 746462600 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2013-12-05 . Confederates even showed their preoccupation with race in their flag. Civil War buffs know that 'the Confederate flag' waved today was never the official flag of the Confederate States of America. Rather, it was the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia. During the war, the Confederacy adopted three official flags. The first, sometimes called 'the Stars and Bars,' drew many objections 'on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting,' in the words of the editor of the Savannah Morning News , quoted herein.

[10] Coski 2005 ? ???? 11

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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