????? ????

????? ???? ( ??????????? : Ariel Levy )? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ?? 17 ?????? 1974 ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? . ^[1]^[2]^[3]

????? [ ??? ]

^ Levy bio, New Yorker website. Accessed Sept. 25, 2013. ???? ?????? 05 ????? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Levy, Ariel (2017). The Rules Do Not Apply (???????????). Little, Brown and Company . p. 152. ISBN : 9780349005317 . Archived from the original on 2020-01-06 . Retrieved 2018-11-30 .
^ Safire? William (2 ?????? 2005). "Language: 'Raunch' and the mysteries of back-formation" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-09-29 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-01-25 .