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????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? terra nullius ????? ????? ≪??? ??? ????≫ [1] ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? [2] ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ≪????? ???????≫ ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????≪terra nullius≫ [3] ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????. [4] ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ≪???? ??? ??????≫ ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ≪???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????≫ ??? ????.

????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? [ ??? ]

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???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????

??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? / ????? ?????? ??? 1827? . [5] ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???. ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? (?? ?????? / ???? ??? 1832? . [6] ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? / ????? 1829 . [7]

??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????.

???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? [8]

???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????.

??? ??? 1834? ? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ≪??? ??????≫ ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? (????? ?????????? ?????). ???? ?? ???? ≪????? ????? ????????≫ ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? 1840? ? ???? ??? ≪??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? - ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???.

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? . ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? . ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ≪??? ????≫ error nullis. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????. [9]

??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 1992? ? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ( ?????? ?????????? Native title). [10]

?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. [4]

????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (??? ???????? ?????) ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????.

???? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? (?????? ??????? ?岩?) ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? . ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? None Dash Line ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. [11]

????????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1840? ? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????.

??? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? 1856 ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????

?????? ??????? (??????? / ??????) [ ??? ]

??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 855 ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? (??????) ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????.

??????? ???? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2012?? ????? ????? ??? ??????. [12]

????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ??? 1969 ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? . ?????? ?? ????????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????. [13]

?????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????
??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????

?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? (????? ?????? ?? 150 ???? ???) ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? 1959 ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ( ????? ?????) ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????.??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 2015 ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????.

??? ???? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????: ??? ????
????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????

??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? 2,060 ??????????? (795 ??? ????) ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? 1899 ?1902 ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???. ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. [14] ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????.

?? ????? / ?????? ??? 2014 ? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????. [15] [16] [17] [18] ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ≪??????≫ ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? [19] ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ Davis, S.L. and Prescott, J.R.V., Aboriginal Frontiers and Boundaries in Australia, Melbourne: University Press, 1992, p. 134?
  2. ^ South Australia Act of 1834 (UK) , Website Documenting a Democracy, Museum of Australian Democracy ???? ?????? 03 ????? 2018 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  3. ^ http://www.a ???? ?????? 13 ????? 2013 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .:lmaany.com/ar/dict/ar-en/terra/
  4. ^ ? ? Terra nullius in Arabic - French-Arabic Dictionary - Glosbe ???? ?????? 16 ?????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  5. ^ R v Tommy (Monitor, 29 November 1827
  6. ^ R v Boatman or Jackass and Bulleyes (Sydney Gazette, 25 February 1832
  7. ^ R v Ballard (Sydney Gazette, 23 April 1829
  8. ^ Davis, S.L. and Prescott, J.R.V., Aboriginal Frontiers and Boundaries in Australia , Melbourne: University Press, 1992, p. 134
  9. ^ Connor, M., Error Nullius Revisited [ ???? ?????? ] , Upholding the Australian Consitution: Papers of the Samuel Griffith Society, Vol. 16, Hfst. 4, Modbury: Samuel Griffith Society, 2004 "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-05-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-11 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  10. ^ Michael Connor in The Bulletin (Sydney), 20 August 2003: (see further Connor 2005.)
  11. ^ Mollman, Steve. "The "strategic triangle" that would allow Beijing to control the South China Sea" . Quartz (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2017-12-03 . Retrieved 2016-10-27 .
  12. ^ "Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders: Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Niger)" (PDF) . International Court of Justice. 16 ????? 2013. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2016-03-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-03-05 .
  13. ^ "Regina v. Paddy Roy Bates and Michael Roy Bates" . The Shire Hall, Chelmsford. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007-03-02 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-05-29 .
  14. ^ Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook 2009 MobileReference, 2009. ISBN 1-60778-333-9 [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 30 ???? 2020 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
  15. ^ Gibson? Allie Robinson (10 ????? 2014). "Abingdon man claims African land to make good on promise to daughter" . Bristol Herald Courier . ??????? (????????) : ??????? ??????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-23 .
  16. ^ Najarro? Ileana (12 ????? 2014). "Va. man plants flag, claims African country, calling it 'Kingdom of North Sudan' " . ?????? ???? . Washington, DC. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-23 .
  17. ^ Ensor? Josie (14 ????? 2014). "US father takes unclaimed African kingdom so his daughter can be a princess" . ???? ?????? . London. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-11-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-27 .
  18. ^ "Mapping micronations" . Al Jazeera. 14 ????? 2014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-12-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-23 . Passports, currencies and flags: We discuss what it takes to create your own country.
  19. ^ "Embassies ? Kingdom of North Sudan" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-08-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2015-04-15 .
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