????? ?????

????? ????? ( ?????????? : Adolf Brand )? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?? 14 ?????? 1874 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 2 ?????? 1945 . ^[2]^[3]^[4]

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^ https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/victorian_studies/v053/53.3.deslandes.html . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ ????? ?????? , The Seduction of the Mediterranean: Writing, Art and Homosexual Fantasy , p.111. Routledge, 1993. ( ???? 0415093120 )
^ Tamagne? Florence (2004). History of Homosexuality in Europe . Algora Publishing. ?. 68 ?73.
^ ???? ??????? ??????? had begun a journal called Uranus in 1870, but only one issue was published. (Kennedy, Hubert, Karl Heinrich Ulrichs: First Theorist of Homosexuality , In: 'Science and Homosexualities', ed. Vernon Rosario (pp. 26?45). New York: Routledge, 1997. Furthermore, in 1896 Pasquale Penta had created in Italy the "Archivio delle psicopatie sessuali", but it had lasted for one year only.

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