???????? (???? ????)

??????? ????
??? ??	?????? ???? ?????? ; ???? ?????? ; Atlantis Building (en) (2012 ? )
????? ?????	Space Shuttle Atlantis (???????????)
??????	77?550 ????????
?????? ????	RV Atlantis (en)
?????	???????? ???????
??? ?? ??????? ???????	?????? ???????
??????????	28°31′30″N 80°40′49″W / 28.5249°N 80.6803°W
??????	???? (1985 ? )
??? ??????	???????? ???????
????? ????	??????? ... 29 ????? 1979 : contract awarding (en) ; ????? ; 6 ???? 1985 : rollout (en) ; 13 ????? 1985 : ????? ; 3 ?????? 1985 : ??? ????? ; ???????? ; ???????? ; deployment (en) ; 8 ????? 2011 : last flight (en) ; 29 ????? 2013 : permanent exhibition (en) ;
?????	26?484?986 ?????
????????	Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex (en) (2013 ? )
????? ??????	202?673?974 ???????
??????	????
???????? ????????	4?848
???????? ??????????	?????? ???????
???? ??????? ???????	Air Force Plant 42 (en)
??? ?????	3 ?????? 1985
??? ??????	23?79 ???
?????	37?24 ???
????????	17?25 ???
????? ????????	OV-104

???? ?????? ??????? (Orbital Vehicle-104 ?? OV-104) ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ( ???? )? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ^[12] ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 1985. ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ^[13]^[14] ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??-51-??? ?? ?????? ??? 3 ?7 ?????? 1985.

??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? 33 ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??-135? ?? 8 ????? 2011. ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??-134 ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??-135 ?? ?????? 2010. ??????? ?? ?? ??-135 ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??-335? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??-134 ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? 21 ????? 2011. ^[15]

????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? 4848 ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 126,000,000 ??? (203,000,000 ??) ?? ???? ?? 525 ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? 1930 ?1966. ^[16]

????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 3 ?????? 1985? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??-51- ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??-60-??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1986. ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (??? ???????) ????? ????? ?? ?????? 1985 ?? ???? ?? ?? ??-61-??? ??? 50 ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??-51-??? ?? ?????? 1985. ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? 1988 ?1992. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 1989? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? (?? ???? ?? ?? ??-30) ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? (?? ???? ?? ?? ??-34). ???? ???? ?? ?? ???30? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. ^[17]

????? ?????? ????????? ??? 27 ?? ???? ?? ?? ??-27 ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 700 ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??. ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? 2003? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ^[18] ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1988? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 30 ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ^[19]

????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??-37 ??? 1991? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ???? ?? ?? ??-71 ??? 1995? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ?? ?? ??-71 ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????: ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? 100 ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ^[20]

???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ?? ??-98 ?? ?????? 2001 ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?25 ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??-98 ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? 100 ?????? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??-104 ?? ????? 2001. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??-115? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? 2006. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??3/??4 ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? . ?? ???? ?? ?? ??-122 ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2008? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ^[21]

?????? ???? ??? ??? [ ??? ]

#	???????	???????	???????
1	3 ?????? 1985	STS-51-J	?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????.
2	26 ?????? 1985	STS-61-B	???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????: MORELOS-B ?AUSSAT ?SATCOM KU-2.
3	2 ?????? 1988	STS-27	???? ????? ?????? ??????.
4	4 ???? 1989	STS-30	????? ?????? (?????)
5	18 ?????? 1989	STS-34	????? ??????? (????? ??????)
6	28 ?????? 1990	STS-36	???? ????? ?????? ??????.
7	15 ?????? 1990	STS-38	???? ????? ?????? ??????.
8	15 ????? 1991	STS-37	????? ???? ??????? ????? ????
9	2 ????? 1991	STS-43	????? TDRS-5.
10	24 ?????? 1991	STS-44	???? ????? ?????? ??????.
11	24 ???? 1992	STS-45	??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? (ATLAS) ???? 1.
12	31 ????? 1992	STS-46	????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier) ???????? ?????????-?????????: ???? ??????? ????????.
13	3 ?????? 1994	STS-66	??? ATLAS ?????? 3.
14	29 ????? 1995	STS-66	??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? .

???? ???? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ????: http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlantis.html .
^ ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/orbiters/orbitersatl.html .
^ ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/566250main_SHUTTLE%20ERA%20FACTS_040412.pdf .
^ ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/orbiters/discovery-info.html .
^ ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-jul-05-la-fi-shuttle-legacy-20110705-story.html .
^ ???? ????: https://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/features/000414overhaul/birthplace.html .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/orbiters/atlantis-info.html .
^ ^? ^? ???? ????: http://www.cfnews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/on-the-town/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2013/2/21/nasa_to_announce_gra.html . ???? ???????: https://web.archive.org/web/20130223072210/http://www.cfnews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/on-the-town/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2013/2/21/nasa_to_announce_gra.html .
^ ???? ????: http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/home/flightdata/statistics.html#ORBITERSTATS .
^ ^? ^? ???? ????: https://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts135/110721fd14/index.html .
^ ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4225/diagrams/shuttle/shuttle-diagram-4.htm .
^ NASA (2007). "Space Shuttle Overview: Atlantis (OV-104)" . ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-11-06 .
^ Justin Ray (11 ???? 2010). "Respecting Atlantis as the shuttle faces retirement" . Spaceflight Now. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-05-13 .
^ Peter W. Merlin (20 ???? 2010). "Space Shuttle Atlantis Wraps Up 25-year Career" . NASA. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .
^ Svitak? Amy (19 ?????? 2010). "Bolden Says Extra Shuttle Flight Needed As Hedge Against Additional COTS Delays" . Space News International. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-16 .
^ "Space Shuttle Atlantis Orbitor Fleet" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-23 .
^ "Space shuttle Atlantis moves to launch pad for final planned flight" . Collect SPACE. 22 ????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .
^ Thomas? John (1 ?????? 1989). "STS-27R OV-104 Orbiter TPS damage review team, volume 1" . NTRS NASA Technical Reports Servers . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-24.
^ KSC, Lynda Warnock. "NASA ? STS-107" . www.nasa.gov (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-11-20 . Retrieved 2019-06-17 .
^ NASA. "STS-71" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .
^ William Harwood (15 ????? 2001). "Airlock marks milestone in quest to assemble Alpha" . Spaceflight Now. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????????

[757d0cc8ccf39c81d87745e44cda6c2cc57d97f3-1] ???? ????: http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlantis.html .

[d32174523d6df1a245d792892d03a305f3a8afa8-2] ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/orbiters/orbitersatl.html .

[c6cb69a1b755e85422f07f3536f0664b7d9c7dba-3] ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/566250main_SHUTTLE%20ERA%20FACTS_040412.pdf .

[58ad2a89695b70ce22c7554cc3409b5c342b2ed8-4] ? ^? ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/orbiters/discovery-info.html .

[cf746d3f4bb815bf4cb752c7a3e30060e7fb8609-5] ? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-jul-05-la-fi-shuttle-legacy-20110705-story.html .

[0f4810db4b67831f998b0c408e09494e442b64fd-6] ???? ????: https://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/features/000414overhaul/birthplace.html .

[8bee9745fab65b7d7fcd6af95a92377545f9efb2-7] ? ^? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/shuttleoperations/orbiters/atlantis-info.html .

[1ba2291cf25970da917ad61d51dfe41f41b00b74-8] ? ^? ???? ????: http://www.cfnews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/on-the-town/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2013/2/21/nasa_to_announce_gra.html . ???? ???????: https://web.archive.org/web/20130223072210/http://www.cfnews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/on-the-town/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2013/2/21/nasa_to_announce_gra.html .

[4dcd79a48c4c149cb0ab663f0c2e68fd779010bb-9] ???? ????: http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/home/flightdata/statistics.html#ORBITERSTATS .

[afef633985d62a3572ac7e0230d0c42befdfdcf2-10] ? ^? ???? ????: https://spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts135/110721fd14/index.html .

[80428d1791613e4d04cd3206e85b75f7e60962d6-11] ? ^? ^? ???? ????: https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4225/diagrams/shuttle/shuttle-diagram-4.htm .

[ov104-12] NASA (2007). "Space Shuttle Overview: Atlantis (OV-104)" . ???? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-11-06 .

[13] Justin Ray (11 ???? 2010). "Respecting Atlantis as the shuttle faces retirement" . Spaceflight Now. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-05-13 .

[14] Peter W. Merlin (20 ???? 2010). "Space Shuttle Atlantis Wraps Up 25-year Career" . NASA. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .

[15] Svitak? Amy (19 ?????? 2010). "Bolden Says Extra Shuttle Flight Needed As Hedge Against Additional COTS Delays" . Space News International. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-16 .

[16] "Space Shuttle Atlantis Orbitor Fleet" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-09-23 .

[17] "Space shuttle Atlantis moves to launch pad for final planned flight" . Collect SPACE. 22 ????? 2010. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-30 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .

[18] Thomas? John (1 ?????? 1989). "STS-27R OV-104 Orbiter TPS damage review team, volume 1" . NTRS NASA Technical Reports Servers . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-24.

[19] KSC, Lynda Warnock. "NASA ? STS-107" . www.nasa.gov (???????????). Archived from the original on 2019-11-20 . Retrieved 2019-06-17 .

[20] NASA. "STS-71" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-06-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .

[21] William Harwood (15 ????? 2001). "Airlock marks milestone in quest to assemble Alpha" . Spaceflight Now. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-07-25 .

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[4]

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[14]

[15]

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[17]

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[21]

? ? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????
?????	ALT STS-1 STS-2 STS-3 STS-4 STS-5 STS-6 STS-7 STS-8 STS-9 STS-41-B STS-41-C STS-41-D STS-41-G STS-51-A STS-51-C STS-51-D STS-51-B STS-51-G STS-51-F STS-51-I STS-51-J STS-61-A STS-61-B STS-61-C STS-51-L STS-26 STS-27 STS-29 STS-30 STS-28 STS-34 STS-33 STS-32 STS-36 STS-31 STS-41 STS-38 STS-35 STS-37 STS-39 STS-40 STS-43 STS-48 STS-44 STS-42 STS-45 STS-49 STS-50 STS-46 STS-47 STS-52 STS-53 STS-54 STS-56 STS-55 STS-57 STS-51 STS-58 STS-61 STS-60 STS-62 STS-59 STS-65 STS-64 STS-68 STS-66 STS-63 STS-67 STS-71 STS-70 STS-69 STS-73 STS-74 STS-72 STS-75 STS-76 STS-77 STS-78 STS-79 STS-80 STS-81 STS-82 STS-83 STS-84 STS-94 STS-85 STS-86 STS-87 STS-89 STS-90 STS-91 STS-95 STS-88 STS-96 STS-93 STS-103 STS-99 STS-101 STS-106 STS-92 STS-97 STS-98 STS-102 STS-100 STS-104 STS-105 STS-108 STS-109 STS-110 STS-111 STS-112 STS-113 ?? ?? ??-107 STS-114 STS-121 STS-115 STS-116 STS-117 STS-118 STS-120 STS-122 STS-123 ?? ?? ??-124 STS-126 STS-119 STS-125 STS-127 STS-128 STS-129 STS-130 STS-131 STS-132 ?? ?? ?? - 133 STS-134 STS-135
?????	STS-41-F STS-61-E STS-61-F STS-61-G STS-62-A STS-61-M STS-61-H STS-144 STS-3xx STS-400 ????
??????	????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????

? ? ? ???? ???? ???????
??????? ???????	?????? ????????? ?????? (ACS) ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (COS) ?????? ??????? ?????? (FGS) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? (NICMOS) ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (STIS) ?????? ????? ?????? 3 (WFC3)
??????? ???????	?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? (COSTAR) ?????? ??????? ??????? (FOC) ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (FOS) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? (GHRS/HRS) ????? ???? ?????? (HSP) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? (WFPC) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? 2 (WFPC2)
??????? ???????? ????????	???????: STS-31 (1990, ??????? ) ???????: STS-61 (1993, ??????? ) STS-82 (1997, ??????? ) STS-103 (1999, ??????? ) STS-109 (2002, ???????? ) STS-125 (2009, ???????? )
??? ?????? ???????	????? ????? (1995) ??? ???? ?????? (1995) ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (1998) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (2003?04) Extended Groth Strip (2004?05) SWEEPS (2006) ??? ????? (2010) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (2012) ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????
??? ???	???? (?????? 2010) ????? ????