??? ????

??? ?????? ( ??????????? : drum machine )? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ^[1]^[2] ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? "??????"? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????.

??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ???? Roland TR-808 ??????? ??? 1980 ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? ????? ??? . ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? TR-909 ??????? ??? 1983 ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? . ???? Linn LM-1 ??????? ??? 1980 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? . ?? ????? ??? 1990 ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????

????? [ ??? ]

^ "??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-20.
^ "??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? musicbrainz.org" . musicbrainz.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-12.

??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] "??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-09-20.

[2] "??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? musicbrainz.org" . musicbrainz.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-10-12.

[1]

[2]

? ? ? ?????? ????????
?????? ????????	????????? ???????? ????????? ??????
????? ????? ?????? ??????	Audio channel ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? Effects unit ????? ?????? ??? ???????? Microphone preamplifier Monitor speaker ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? Outboard gear
??????? ?????	??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? Hard disk MiniDisc ?? ?? 3 ?????
????? ??????	8-track cartridge ???? ???????? Cassette deck Comparison of analog and digital recording Experimental musical instrument ???????? Player piano Reel-to-reel audio tape recording Tape recorder
?????	???? ??? ?????? ??? Monitor speaker PA system Sound reinforcement system Speaker enclosure ?? ????
?????? ????? ?????	Digital recording ?????? ????? ???????
?????? ??? ???????	???? ??? Bass amplifier Effects unit Foldback ???? ??????? Keyboard amplifier PA system Reverb Sound reinforcement system
?????? ?????????	Chiptune Circuit bending ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? MIDI controller Music workstation ???? ??????? ???? ?????? Sound module ???????? ??????
???????	????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? GarageBand ProTools Scorewriter Software effect processor ???? ??????? Software synthesizer
??????	????? ????? ???? ?????? Guitar technician Mixing engineer Monitor engineer Piano tuner ???? ????? Re-recording mixer Sound designer Sound follower ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? Tape op
????? ???????	????? ??????? ??????? Goji Electronics Institute of Broadcast Sound Lejaren Hiller IRCAM ???? ?????? Musical Electronics Library Professional Lighting and Sound Association ????? ??? SMPTE STEIM
?????? ??????	Audiophile High fidelity Home audio ????? ?????? Music store Professional audio store New Interfaces for Musical Expression Vehicle audio