??? ????? ???

??????? ????
??? ???? ??	???? ; shop furniture (en) ; sales counter (en)
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????????	Z-report (en)
??? ???? ????	847050

???????? ????? ^[2] ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ^[3] (??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????) ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ( ????????? : Cashier )? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ^[4]^[5]^[6] ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? . ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? - ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? - ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????.

???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1879? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? (Ritty’s Incorruptible Cashier).

????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? (Ritty’s Company).

???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? (Jacob H. Eckert)? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? (National Manufacturing Company) ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? 1884 ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ≪??????? ????? ????? ?????≫ (National Cash Register).

? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1890 ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (Cash Receipts)? ??? 1906 ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? 50 ???? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1922 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? 1944? ???? ?????? ???? 2400 ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ?????: ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ ????? ??: UN Comtrade Commodity Classifications . ??????: 17 ????? 2018.
^ ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? (2008). ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ???????? . ?. 195. ISBN : 978-9953-63-541-5 . OCLC : 405515532 . OL : 50197876M . QID : Q112315598 .
^ "????? ????? ???????" . http://www.diwanalarabia.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????? ?? |????= ( ?????? )
^ "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? id.ndl.go.jp" . id.ndl.go.jp. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-02.
^ "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-15.
^ "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? unspsc.org" . unspsc.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-02.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??? ????? ???

[c6cdaa087944188aae014b81b7d492d1d846fb54-1] ????? ??: UN Comtrade Commodity Classifications . ??????: 17 ????? 2018.

[2] ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? (2008). ?????? ??????: ????? ??????? ???? (???????? ???????????) (?. 1). ?????: ??? ????? ???????? . ?. 195. ISBN : 978-9953-63-541-5 . OCLC : 405515532 . OL : 50197876M . QID : Q112315598 .

[3] "????? ????? ???????" . http://www.diwanalarabia.com . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2022-05-23 . ???? ???? ?????? 2022-05-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????? ?? |????= ( ?????? )

[4] "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? id.ndl.go.jp" . id.ndl.go.jp. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-03-02.

[5] "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? britannica.com" . britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-15.

[6] "??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? unspsc.org" . unspsc.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-09-02.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]