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( ??????????? : Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات
 
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??? ??????? ( ??????????? : Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger )?  تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1477) في ويكي بيانات
??????? 15 ?????? 1917 ( 1917-10-15 )
???????? [1] [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P19) في ويكي بيانات
?????? 28 ?????? 2007 (89 ???) [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P570) في ويكي بيانات
??????? [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P20) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?????? ???? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P509) في ويكي بيانات
???? ????? ????? ????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P119) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ??????? (?28 ?????? 2007)   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P551) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????? ??????? [9] [10] [11]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?   ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???????
??????? ???? ???? ??????? (?1938) [2]
???????? ????? ??????     [???? ????] ‏ [2]
????? ???????? [2]
????????     [???? ????] ‏ [12]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P69) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ???? [13] [14] [15] ?   ?????? ?????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? ??????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P102) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ??????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات
???? ?? ????? ??????? [16] ?   ????? ??????? ???????????? ?   ?????? ????? ??????? [16]   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P108) في ويكي بيانات
???????
???????
IMDB ????? ??? IMDB   تعديل قيمة خاصية (P345) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? - ?????   طالع توثيق القالب

???? ???? ??????? ( ??????????? : Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. )? (?. 15 ?????? 1917 - ?. 28 ?????? 2007) ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???. ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1938? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????? . ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1954. [23]

?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? 1952 ? 1956? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?≪???? ????≫ [24] ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1961 ??? ??? 1963. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? 1960 ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???: ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? 1966.

?? ??? 1968? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? . ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ≪??????? ????????????≫ ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? 1973.

????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? (???????? ??? ??????) ????? ??????? (1888-1965) ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. [25] ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????. [26] ?????? ?????? -?? ????? ????? ??????????- ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? [27] ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????????.

????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 1938. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? 1938-1939 ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 1939. [28] ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ≪??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????≫? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? 1943 ??? ??? 1945? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? . [29]

??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1945. ?? ??? 1946 ??? ??? 1954? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1954.

????? ??????? ??? 1960 [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1947? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ? [30] ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? 1953 ??? 1954.

??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? 1952? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??. ?? ???????? ??? 1956? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 30 ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????.

??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??? 1954? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ≪???≫? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.

???? ???? ??? 1960? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????: ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ≪?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? .... ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????≫. [31]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/527608/Arthur-M-Schlesinger-Jr . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  2. ^ ? ? ? https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2018/12/12/arthur-m-schlesinger-jr-author-shaped-lens-viewing-us-history/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  3. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/28/washington/28cnd-schlesinger.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  4. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica | Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (???????????), QID : Q5375741
  5. ^ Discogs | Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (???????????), QID : Q504063
  6. ^ filmportal.de | Arthur Schlesinger Jr. ? QID : Q15706812
  7. ^ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Arthur Meier Schlesinger (??????????), QID : Q237227
  8. ^ Babelio | Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (?????????), QID : Q2877812
  9. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/specials/schlesinger-cycles.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  10. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/03/education/03education.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  11. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/specials/schlesinger-talk46.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  12. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/01/washington/01schlesinger.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  13. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/specials/schlesinger-thousand.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  14. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/02/books/02book.html?pagewanted=print . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  15. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/opinion/22herbert.html . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  16. ^ ? ? https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/arthur-m-schlesinger-jr . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  17. ^ https://www.nationalbook.org/books/robert-kennedy-and-his-times/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  18. ^ https://www.nationalbook.org/books/a-thousand-days/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  19. ^ https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/arthur-m-schlesinger-jr/ . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  20. ^ https://www.pulitzer.org/article/moral-necessity-society-marked-power . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  21. ^ https://sah.columbia.edu/content/prizes/francis-parkman-prize . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  22. ^ https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/may-2007/in-memoriam-arthur-m-schlesinger-jr . {{ ??????? ??? }} : |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
  23. ^ Douglas Martin (2007). "Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., a Partisan Historian of Power, Is Dead at 89" . New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-07 . ???? ???? ?????? ???? 27 2016 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= ( ?????? )
  24. ^ Tanenhaus, Sam (4 ???? 2007). "Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. ? History, Written in the Present Tense" . The New York Times . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-01-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-10-10 .
  25. ^ "WOSU Presents Ohioana Authors, Arthur Schlesinger Jr" . Ohioana Authors . WOSU . 2006. ????? ?? ????? ?? September 7, 2006 . ???? ???? ?????? September 5, 2006 .
  26. ^ Herman? Arthur. "A Life in the Twentieth Century, by Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-10-19 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-12-20 .
  27. ^ "The Age of Schlesinger by James Chace" . The New York Review of Books . 21 ?????? 2000. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2015-11-21 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-12-20 .
  28. ^ "Current and Former Term" . ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? 16, 2013 . ???? ???? ?????? ????? 16, 2013 .
  29. ^ Schlesinger? Robert (????? 20, 2008). "Arthur Schlesinger Jr.'s Not-So-Secret Career as a Spy: My father's OSS records reveal no James Bond, but a World War II career like so many others" . ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? September 27, 2008 . ???? ???? ?????? September 11, 2008 .
  30. ^ Richard Wightman Fox, _Reinhold Niebuhr: A Biography_
  31. ^ Greenberg? David (2003). Nixon's shadow: the history of an image ? David Greenberg ? Google Books . ISBN : 9780393048964 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-01-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-12-20 .
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