????? ???????

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≪ ????? ??????? ≫ ( ??????????? : Bread and circuses )? ?????? ( ?????????? : Panem et Circenses) ?? ????? ???????? ( ??????????? : Bread and Games )?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (?????) ???????? (??????) ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "American Heritage Dictionary: to placate or distract" . Yahoo . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-11-05.
^ Infoplease Dictionary as pacification or diversion. ???? ?????? 5 ????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ "Bread, circuses and our disappearing city" . Newcastle Herald . Newcastle NSW Australia. 2017. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-11 .

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] "American Heritage Dictionary: to placate or distract" . Yahoo . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-11-05.

[2] Infoplease Dictionary as pacification or diversion. ???? ?????? 5 ????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[BreadCircusesCity-3] "Bread, circuses and our disappearing city" . Newcastle Herald . Newcastle NSW Australia. 2017. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-01-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2017-10-11 .

[1]

[2]

[3]