?? ?? ??

???? GSM ?????? ?? Global System for Mobile Communication ? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (??????), ? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? .

??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? GSM , ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? 900 ???? ????? GSM900 ?? ???? ???? ??? 1800 ???? ????? GSM1800 ?? 1900 ???? ????? GSM1900 ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? MTN ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? , ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? , ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????:

?????? ???????? Mobile station [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ?????

?????? ??????? (??????) ? ???? ME Mobile Equipment
??????? ?????? ( ??????? ) ? ???? SIM Subscriber Identity Module

?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? Base Station SubSystem [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? :

??????? ??????? BTS Base Terminal Station [ ??? ]

????? ???? Base Transceiver Station ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? , ?? BTS ????? ??? ???? ???????/????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? (??????) ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ????? , ?? BTS ????? ?? ?? BSC ???? ??? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? BTS's ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? .

?? BTS ???? ???? ,?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? . ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? BTS ?????? 8 ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? . ?? BTS ???????? ???? ????? ????? 120 ???? , ??? ????? ??? 3 BTS's ?????? 360 ???? .

????? ??????? ??????? BSC Base Station controllers = [ ??? ]

? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? BTS ???? ?? ??? BTS's, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? , ? ???? ??? (??? ) ???????? frequency Hopping ? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? (??????) ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? Handovers , ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? BSC ? ??? BTS's ?? ??? ?????? , ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? .

???? ?????? ?????? ?????? NSS Network Station SubSystem [ ??? ]

? ?? ????? ????? ?????? , ? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ... ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ??

???? ????? (????? ) ??????? ???????? (??????)MSC Mobile Switching Center [ ??? ]

????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? (??????) ???:

?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? Registration
? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? Authentication ,
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? (??????) ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? MTN
? ??????? ??? ?? BTS's ? ?? ???? ??? HandOvers
? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? romaing subscriber

?MSC ???? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????TN T?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ISDN .

??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? Signalling System number 7 SS7 ? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? BSC's.

==??? ????? ???????. (

????????  ) HLR Home Location Register ==MTN

? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? (??????) ?????? , ?????? ????? ??? HLR ???? , ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? HLR's ????? ???? ???????? .

??? ??? ?????? VLR Visitor Location Register [ ??? ]

??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? (??????) , ???????? (??????) ????? ????? ??? ?? VLR , ?? MSC ????? ??? VLR

???? ?????? AuC Authentication Center [ ??? ]

??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ( ??????) ???????? ??????0500464650

??? ????? ??????? EIR Equipment Identity Register733311319 [ ??? ]

? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ( ??????) , ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? IMEI ????? ???? ??????? ??????? International Mobile Equipment Identity ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? , ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? White list ? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? Black List ? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? Gray List ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????

???? ?? IMEI [ ??? ]

?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (????) ME ???? ?????? ?????? , ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? (??????) ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??????

X X X X X X - X X - X X X X X X - X

TAC - FAC - SNR - CD

TAC: type approval code

FAC : final assembly code

SNR: ****************** number

CD: check digit

???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??????MTN ??? ??????

X X X X X X X X -X X X X X X - X

TAC - SNR - CD

????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? IMEISV ? ?? SV software version ???? ???? ????????

X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X - X - X X

TAC - SNR - CD -SVN

SVN software version noumber

???? ?? ????? ??????? IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity [ ??? ]

?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? (?????) ? ?? ??? ??? ???????? (??????) ???? ??? ??????? ??????? , ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ??? 15 ???? ?????? ??????

X X X - X X - X X X X X X X X X X

MCC - MNC - MSIN

MCC: mobile country code ??? ??????

MNC : mobile network code ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? (??????) ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????

MSIN: mobile station identification numbe ??? ????? ?????? ???????? (????????)

??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? PLMN Public land mobile network ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ???? ?? GSM ? - ????? ??????

????? ???? ???? ???????? (??????)MS ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? , ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? . ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? roaming ? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? . ?? ???? ???????? (??????) MS ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? BTS ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? BTS ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? .

???? ?? BTS's ???? ??????? ??? (?????) ???????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? MS ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? . ? ??? ??????? ?? ?? BTS ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ???????? MS ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? BTS ? ?? BTS ????? ?????? ??? ?? BSC ???? ?? ????? ?? BTS's ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? BTS ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? BTS ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ?? Handover . ? ??? ??? ?? BTS ?????? ?? ???? ?? BSC ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? MSC ???? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ??? BSC ?????? ? ????? ???????? ?? BTS ?????? ??? ?? BSC ?? ?????? ?????? BSC ???, ??? ???????? ??? BSC ???? ?? BTS ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???

?? ???? ???????? ???????? MS ? ?? BSC/MSC ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? Handover ???? ???, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? BTS ?????? ?????? ??????? Handover ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? .

??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? (??????) MS ? ??? ?? MSC ? ?? BSC ? ?? BTS ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? , ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? HLR ??? ?????? , VLR ??? ?????? .

?? ?? HLR ?????? ?? ?? VLR ? ???? ???? ? ??? ???????? (??????) MS ? [ ??? ]

?? ?? VLR ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? LAC Location Area Code ??? ??????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? .

?? VLR ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? MS ??????? ??? MSC ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? MSC ???? ?? HLR ???? ???? ???????? .

???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? PCH Paging channel ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????????

??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? MS ???? ????? ?? ??? HLR ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? HLR ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? MS ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? MS ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? MSC ???? ??? ???

??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? .????

??????? .....

????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????
??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? MSC
? ?? MSC ??? ????? ?? HLR ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????
?? HLR ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????

????? ??? ??? ?? HLR ??? ??? ?? VLR ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?? MSC ??? ???????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? HLR ....

?? MSC ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????

??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? MSC ??????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ..

??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? HLR ? ?? VLR

?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? MS , ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? MS

??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? MS ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? PCH ? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? MS ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

???????	??????
MS mobile station	?????? ?? ??????? (???????)
BTS base terminal station	?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????
BSC Base station Controller	??????? ???? ????? ?????
MSC mobile switching center	????? ????????

???? ????? ?? GSM Standard ?? ????????? ????? .