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???????	1903 ; ?????
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????? ????? ( 1903 - 21 ?????? 1930 )? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? . ^[1]^[2]^[3] ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? 1911 ? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? 1920 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? 1921 ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?? 1924 ??? 1928 ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? _ ????????? _ ??? ????? _ ???? ????? ??????? _ ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 1893 ??? 1930 ? ???? ??????? ??????? 18 ??? ?? 1911 ??? 1930 ??? ???? ????? ????? 500 ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 1930

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???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????

????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????.

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????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? . ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? .

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??????? ???? ?? 21 ?????? 1930 ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? . ??? 1995 ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? .

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^ Danielle Barcelo-Guez (2005). Au 28 rue de Marseille, Tunis (?????????). Paris: L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. 143-144 {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? |????= and |????= ???? ???? ?? ??? ( help )
^ Jacobs? Daniel? Morris? Peter (1 ????? 2001). The Rough Guide to Tunisia . Rough Guides. ISBN : 9781858287485 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-18.
^ Hillauer? Rebecca (1 ????? 2005). Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers . American Univ in Cairo Press. ISBN : 9789774249433 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-17.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ?????

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] Danielle Barcelo-Guez (2005). Au 28 rue de Marseille, Tunis (?????????). Paris: L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. 143-144 {{ ??????? ????? }}: ?????? |????= and |????= ???? ???? ?? ??? ( help )

[2] Jacobs? Daniel? Morris? Peter (1 ????? 2001). The Rough Guide to Tunisia . Rough Guides. ISBN : 9781858287485 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-18.

[3] Hillauer? Rebecca (1 ????? 2005). Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers . American Univ in Cairo Press. ISBN : 9789774249433 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-17.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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